初三英語復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞、動(dòng)詞

【考點(diǎn)直擊】
1. 形容詞的用法；
2. 副詞的用法；
3. 形容詞和副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、更高級(jí)的用法；
4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置。
【老師點(diǎn)睛】
1. 形容詞的用法
(1) 形容詞在句中作定語, 表語, 賓語補(bǔ)足語。 例如：
   Our country is a beautiful country. （作定語）
   The fish went bad.   （作表語）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作賓語補(bǔ)足語）
(2) 形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。
　    I have something important to tell you.
　    Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3) 用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。
　     Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
　     You can take any box away, big or small.
(4) the＋形容詞表示一類人或物
      The rich should help the poor.
2. 副詞的用法
(1) 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。
He studies very hard.    （作狀語）
Life here is full of joy.   （作定語）
      When will you be back? （作表語）
           副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：
1)時(shí)間副詞
時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地點(diǎn)副詞
地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副詞
方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副詞
程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副詞在句中的位置
1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語，則放在賓語之后。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)頻度副詞作狀語時(shí)，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面, 但enough作副詞用時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副詞的用法
1) very, much
這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2) too, either
這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和更高級(jí)
(1) 兩個(gè)人或事物的比較時(shí)（不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物），用比較
級(jí)。
　　 Our teacher is taller than we are.
　　 The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 "極,很,非常, 十分"。
　　 It's most dangerous to be here.
　　 在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。
(3) "The+形容詞比較級(jí)..., the+形容詞比較級(jí)..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。
　　 The more you study, the more you know.
　(4) " 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) ", 表示 " 越來越... "。
　　 It's getting hotter and hotter.
　(5) 主語+謂語(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。
　　 This box is as big as mine.
　(6) the + 形容詞 表示某種人。
　　 He always helps the poor.
　(7) 形容詞和副詞更高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。
　　 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
【實(shí)例解析】
1. (2004年北京市中診斷題)
   ---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
   ---Of course the moon is.
   A. small   B. smaller   C. smallest   D. the smallest
    答案：D。該題考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)的用法。因?yàn)槭翘�陽，地球和月亮三者進(jìn)行比較，選用形容詞的更高級(jí)，而且更高級(jí)之前要加定冠詞the。所以選D。
2. (2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中診斷題)
   He has made _______ progress this term than before.
   A. little   B. less   C. fewer   D. much
   答案 B。該題考查的是形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法。因?yàn)槭乾F(xiàn)在和過去進(jìn)行比較，所以要用比較級(jí)，又因?yàn)槭切揎棽豢蓴?shù)名詞，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。
3. (2004年江西省中診斷題)
   ---What delicious cakes!
   ---They would taste _______ with butter.
   A. good   B. better   C. bad   D. worse
    答案：B。該題考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)。答話人的意思應(yīng)該是“如果加上點(diǎn)黃油，這些蛋糕會(huì)更好吃。”這里就有一種比較：加黃油和不加黃油。既然是比較，就要用比較級(jí)。因?yàn)檫@里講的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而選better。
4. (2004年河北省中診斷題)
   Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
   A. so careful as   B. as carefully as   C. carefully as   D. as careful as
    答案：B。該題考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。因?yàn)樵撛~修飾的是動(dòng)作“做家庭功課”，所以要用副詞。又因?yàn)楸硎疽环讲蝗缌硪环揭�用句�?ldquo;not as+副詞原級(jí)+as”，所以只能選B。
【中考演練】
一. 單項(xiàng)填空
1．There are many young trees on         sides of the road.
　 A. every             　B. each              　C. both              　D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today.
　 --- Yes, it’s         than it was yesterday.
　 A. more cold         　B. more colder           　C. much colder       　D. cold
3．Little Tom has         friends, so he often plays alone.
　　A. more　          B. a little　              C. many              　D. few
4．She isn’t so         at maths as you are.
　 A. well　          B. good　              C. better　                D. best
5．Peter writes         of the three.
　 A. better　       B. best　                  C. good　              D. well
6．He is         enough to carry the heavy box.
　 A. stronger　          B. much stronger　    C. strong　           D. the strongest
7．I bought         exercise-books with         money.
　 A. a few; a few                          　　B. a few; a little    
　 C. a little; a few                           D. a little; a little
8．The box is         heavy for the girl         carry.
　 A. too; to　           B. to; too　           C. so; that　              D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter        . It’s strong enough to skate on.
　 A. long　          B. high　              C. thick　             D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran         faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
　 A. so                　B. much              　C. very              D. too
11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
   A. happy   B. happily   C. angry   D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
   A. sad   B. pleased   C. angry   D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
    ---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
   A. a better; better than    B. a worse; as good as
   C. a cheaper; as good as   D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
    ---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
   A. cheap   B. cheaper   C. expensive   D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
   A. often   B. long   C. hard   D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
   A. many   B. some   C. few   D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
   A. never   B. usually   C. often   D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
    ---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
   A. highly for          B. high of
   C. well of             D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
   ---We know, Miss Gao.
   A. The more; the more          B. The fewer; the more
   C. The more; the fewer          D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
   A. anything important          B. something important
   C. important nothing           D. important something
二. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞填空(首字母已給出)
1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.
2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.
3. Hawaii is f_______ its beautiful beaches.
4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.
5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).
6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.
7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.
8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.
9. The boy is too l______ . He doesn’t want to do anything.
10. The dictionary is very u________ . It will help you a lot.
【訓(xùn)練答案】
一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest
三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite   9. lazy 10. useful