初三英語復(fù)習(xí)之定語從句

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

　　中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：

　　1．定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

　　3．各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

　　考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句。

　　【老師精講】

　　一. 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

　　    在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

　　Do you know everybody who came to the party?

　　I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

　　二. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

　　    關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。

　　1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：

　　I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

　　The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

　　2. 作賓語：

　　She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

　　The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

　　3. 作定語

　　關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：

　　What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

　　The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

　　4. 作狀語

　　I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　This is the house where I was born.

　　三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

　　1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

　　The person who broke the window must pay for it.

　　The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

　　Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

　　Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

　　3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

　　The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

　　I know the boy whose father is a professor.

　　4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

　　A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

　　Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

　　5. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

　　I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

　　Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

　　6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

　　     I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

　　     He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

　　7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

　　     This is the house where we lived last year.

　　     The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

　　四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

　　That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

　　which we had lived in for ten years.

　　五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

　　1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

　　(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：

　　        All that he said is true.

　　     (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：

　　        He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

　　(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：

　　He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

　　(4) 先行詞是形容詞更高級或被形容詞更高級修飾的詞。

　　This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

　　(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：

　　He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

　　2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：

　　(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如：

　　       The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

　　     (2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如：

　　       The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

　　【中考范例】

　　1. (2004年哈爾濱)

　　  ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

　　  ---Yes, he does.

　　  A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　2. (2004年常州市中診斷題)

　　  The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

　　  A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。

　　3. (2004年揚(yáng)州市中診斷題)

　　  ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

　　  ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

　　  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which

　　  【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　4. (2004年益陽市中診斷題)

　　I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

　　  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　【助力能力演練】

　　一. 單項(xiàng)填空

　　1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

　　  ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

　　  A. he  B. that  C. whom  D. which

　　2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

　　  A. who  B. which  C. they  D. where

　　3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

　　  A. which  B. when  C. who  D. whom

　　4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

　　  A. who  B. whom  C. he  D. which

　　5. This is the place     _____I have ever visited.

　　  A. there       B. when      C. where       D. which

　　6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. why  D. when

　　7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. why

　　8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

　　   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which

　　9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

　　   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. on which

　　10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

　　   A. who  B. that  C. whose  D. which

　　11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

　　12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

　　   A. in which  B. that  C. whose  D. where

　　13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

　　   A. which  B. that  C. when  D. where

　　14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

　　15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. when

　　二. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句

　　1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

　　2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

　　3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

　　4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

　　5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

　　6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

　　7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

　　8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

　　9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

　　10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

　　三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

　　1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

　　2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

　　4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

　　5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

　　6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

　　7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

　　8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

　　9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

　　10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

　　【訓(xùn)練答案】

　　一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B

　　二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

　　2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.

　　3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.

　　4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.

　　5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.

　　6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.

　　7. The man who waved us was my uncle.

　　8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.

　　9. The subject I prefer is science.

　　10.The man I spoke to is a professor.

　　三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when 　　                        十、定語從句

　　【考點(diǎn)掃描】

　　中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：

　　1．定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

　　3．各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

　　考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句。

　　【老師精講】

　　一. 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

　　    在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

　　Do you know everybody who came to the party?

　　I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

　　二. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

　　    關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。

　　1. 作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：

　　I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

　　The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

　　2. 作賓語：

　　She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

　　The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

　　3. 作定語

　　關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：

　　What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

　　The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

　　4. 作狀語

　　I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　This is the house where I was born.

　　三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

　　1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

　　The person who broke the window must pay for it.

　　The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

　　Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

　　Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

　　3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

　　The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

　　I know the boy whose father is a professor.

　　4. which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

　　A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

　　Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

　　5. that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

　　I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

　　Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

　　6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

　　     I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

　　     He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

　　7. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

　　     This is the house where we lived last year.

　　     The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

　　四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

　　That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

　　which we had lived in for ten years.

　　五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

　　1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

　　(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如：

　　        All that he said is true.

　　     (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：

　　        He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

　　(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：

　　He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

　　(4) 先行詞是形容詞更高級或被形容詞更高級修飾的詞。

　　This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

　　(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：

　　He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

　　2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：

　　(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如：

　　       The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

　　     (2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時。例如：

　　       The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

　　【中考范例】

　　1. (2004年哈爾濱中診斷題)

　　  ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

　　  ---Yes, he does.

　　  A. which  B. whose  C. where  D. who

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　2. (2004年常州市中診斷題)

　　  The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

　　  A. who  B. where  C. what  D. that

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以只有that合適。

　　3. (2004年揚(yáng)州市中診斷題)

　　  ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

　　  ---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

　　  A. whom  B. who  C. whose  D. which

　　  【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　4. (2004年益陽市中診斷題)

　　I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

　　  A. whose  B. whom  C. which  D. who

　　  【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語從句中作主語，所以只有who合適。

　　【助力能力演練】

　　一. 單項(xiàng)填空

　　1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

　　  ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

　　  A. he  B. that  C. whom  D. which

　　2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

　　  A. who  B. which  C. they  D. where

　　3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

　　  A. which  B. when  C. who  D. whom

　　4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

　　  A. who  B. whom  C. he  D. which

　　5. This is the place     _____I have ever visited.

　　  A. there       B. when      C. where       D. which

　　6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. why  D. when

　　7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. why

　　8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

　　   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. which

　　9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

　　   A. when  B. where  C. that  D. on which

　　10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

　　   A. who  B. that  C. whose  D. which

　　11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

　　12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

　　   A. in which  B. that  C. whose  D. where

　　13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

　　   A. which  B. that  C. when  D. where

　　14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. when  D. where

　　15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.

　　   A. that  B. which  C. where  D. when

　　二. 用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個復(fù)合句

　　1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

　　2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

　　3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

　　4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

　　5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

　　6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

　　7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

　　8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

　　9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

　　10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

　　三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

　　1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

　　2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

　　4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

　　5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

　　6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

　　7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

　　8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

　　9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

　　10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

　　【訓(xùn)練答案】

　　一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B

　　二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

　　2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.

　　3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.

　　4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.

　　5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.

　　6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.

　　7. The man who waved us was my uncle.

　　8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.

　　9. The subject I prefer is science.

　　10.The man I spoke to is a professor.

　　三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when