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預(yù)約高中1對1精品課程(面授/在線)，滿足學(xué)員個性化學(xué)習(xí)需求 馬上報名↓
我們首先要了解什么是延續(xù)性動詞，什么是非延續(xù)性動詞(也叫短暫性動詞)。
延續(xù)性動詞：動詞所表示的動作可以延續(xù)一段時間(幾分鐘/小時/年)，如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用(這樣的時間狀語經(jīng)常用since或for引導(dǎo)，可以用how long對它進(jìn)行提問)。
非延續(xù)性動詞：動詞所表示的動作一發(fā)生即結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用;另外它也不能和進(jìn)行時連用，表示動作正在發(fā)生，而且有持續(xù)的過程，如果這樣的動詞和進(jìn)行時連用，往往表示的是即將進(jìn)行的意思。
在中考英語里，往往這樣考查同學(xué)們對這個概念是否理解：
一、till/until的用法中涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題：
如果一個句子的時間狀語由till/until引導(dǎo)，那么它的謂語動詞如果是延續(xù)性動詞就必須用肯定形式;如果它的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞就必須用否定形式。
例如：He didn’t leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭功課才離開。
(在這個句子里leave 為非延續(xù)性動詞，所以用了否定形式)
He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那個女孩一直到很晚的時候。
(在這個句子里wait為延續(xù)性動詞，所以用了肯定形式)
二、完成時態(tài)里涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題：
很多同學(xué)在初學(xué)完成時態(tài)的時候都不能正確地翻譯這樣的句子，例如：他買這輛車已經(jīng)兩年了。很多同學(xué)會把它翻譯成：He has bought this car for two years. 在這個句子里，動詞buy是非延續(xù)性動詞，而時間狀語表示的是一段時間，所以把它們聯(lián)系起來顯然是不恰當(dāng)?shù)�。正確的說法是：He has had this car for two years.
并不是非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)，而只是在時間狀語表示的是一段時間的時候，動詞只能為延續(xù)性動詞。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. (當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時候電影已經(jīng)開始了。)這樣的說法沒有什么問題，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”(當(dāng)他到達(dá)電影院的時候電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。)就不正確，因為十分鐘表示的是一段時間，而begin不能延續(xù)，所以應(yīng)該把這個句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.
三、“how long”短語涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題：
“how long”是對一段時間的長短提問，所以和它連用的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如“這本書我能借多長時間?”不能說成：How long can I borrow this book? 而應(yīng)該說成：How long can I keep this book?
某些非延續(xù)性動詞如果要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，往往要進(jìn)行改變，對此我作了簡單的小結(jié)，請大家牢記：前面為短暫，后面為延續(xù)
2.買 buy: have
3.死 die: be dead
4.走/離開go/leave: be away
5.參軍 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier
6.入黨 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member
7.開始放映/展出 begin: be on
8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends
9.結(jié)婚marry: be married
10.開放/營業(yè) open: be open
11.關(guān)閉/停業(yè) close: be closed
……
中診斷題訓(xùn)練(答案為畫線部分)
1. ----How long may I _____ the book?
---- For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
2. ----I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
---- Oh, not at all. I _______ here for only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
3. ----______ you _____ China for a long time?
---- Yes, I came here three years ago.
A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in
4. --How long _____ you _____ here?
-- For about two years so far.
A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming
5. Jack has _____ for a week.
A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold
6. When we hurried to the theatre (劇院), the concert ____ for five minutes.
A. had been on B. had begun C. had begun on D. began
7. –When did you join the League ?
-- Last year. I ____ a league member for one year.
A. was B. became C. have been
8. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept
9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please?
I’m sorry, but I _______ it for only two days. I haven’t finished it yet.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ______ for half an hour.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
11. ---How long have you ________ the motorbike?
---For about two weeks.
A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent
12. A: How long can I ______ the magazine?
B: For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep
13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _______it for a week.
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend
14. Is your father a Party member?
Yes, he _____the Party three years ago. He ______a Party member for three years.
A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was
15. _____your sister ____ in Greener China for a long time?
Yes. She joined it five years ago.
A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined
16. Dongdong has _____ Greener China for two months.
A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of
17. ---How long may I _____ the dictionary?
---For half a year.
A. take B. keep C. borrow D. lend
18. We won’t wait for you ______ you come here on time.
A. if B. unless C. when D. till
19. ---It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go.
--- It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _________ it stops.
A. when B. since C. while D. until
20. The dinner didn’t start _____all the friends arrived.
A. when B. while C. until D. whether
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