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高考英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)大揭秘

2010-03-30 14:54:06  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 文章作者:匿名

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  高考中定語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)類(lèi)型

  ● 關(guān)系詞的選擇 ●

  定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩大類(lèi)。關(guān)系代詞起著代詞和連詞的作用,而關(guān)系副詞起著副詞(或介詞短語(yǔ))和連詞的作用。

  ◆ 關(guān)系代詞that、which、who(m)、whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  1) 關(guān)系代詞that只能用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(不可作介詞的賓語(yǔ))。例如:Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)

  A. where

  B. when

  C. that

  D. what

  解析:C。先行詞是the chicken farm,定語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that、which或省略關(guān)系代詞,選C。本題所給選項(xiàng)中,where、when都是關(guān)系副詞,而what不能指代地點(diǎn)。

  2) 關(guān)系代詞which可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),指代整個(gè)主句或主句中的部分內(nèi)容;此時(shí),其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句后面,常譯為“這(那) 件事……”。例如:

  His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)

  A. which

  B. that

  C. where

  D. it

  解析:答案選A。關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ),指代整個(gè)主句。

  注意:That和which作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的主要區(qū)別為:which可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,指代物或整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分,也可以用于介詞之后;而that則不能用于上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中。

  3) 關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,都可用于指人,用法類(lèi)似。區(qū)別主要在于:whom在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ);而who在從句中可以作主語(yǔ),也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓格的whom,但它的前面不能有介詞;如果用于介詞后指人時(shí),必須用賓格的whom。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,whom不可用that或who替代。例如:

  Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京)

  A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who

  D. 不填; 不填

  解析:C。兩處空格后均為定語(yǔ)從句,均缺少關(guān)系詞。先進(jìn)個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是woman,要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句,同時(shí)該從句中缺主語(yǔ),用who;第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是those,在句中指人,其定語(yǔ)從句也缺少主語(yǔ),用who。所以選C。

  4) Whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其后應(yīng)緊跟一個(gè)名詞,構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ),即“whose + 名詞”的形式;whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,其先行詞不僅可指人,還可指物;若指物時(shí),還可用of which代替,但詞序不同,即“whose + 名詞 = the + 名詞 + of which”。例如:

  Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)

  A. whose

  B. which C. of which

  D. what

  解析:A。關(guān)系代詞whose意為“……的”,表示所屬關(guān)系,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾從句的主語(yǔ)roof;從句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修飾限定詞,故此處不能用of which代替。

  Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)

  A. which price

  B. the price of which  C. its price

  D. the price of whose

  解析:B。先行詞為“an ancient Chinese vase”,而定語(yǔ)從句講述的是這個(gè)vase的price如何如何,同時(shí),從句缺少主語(yǔ),所以要用whose price或the price of which來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。

  ◆關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,分別在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因狀語(yǔ)。

  If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)

  A. that

  B. which

  C. when

  D. where

  解析:D。先行詞是chairs,在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),要用where,相當(dāng)于“in which”。

  We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)

  A. which

  B. that

  C. whose

  D. when

  解析:D。先行詞是age,when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

  ◆As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  1) As用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成the same...as、such...as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語(yǔ))

  I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表語(yǔ))

  I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語(yǔ))

  These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000 上海春)

  A. like

  B. as

  C. that

  D. which

  解析:答案選B。As在定語(yǔ)從句中作expected的賓語(yǔ)。

  2) As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,作從句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,常譯為“正如……”。但不同于which,as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后,還可位于主句中間。例如:

  The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)

  A. what B. that C. how D. as

  解析:D。As代表整個(gè)主句The Beatles came from Liverpool,作定語(yǔ)從句中remember的賓語(yǔ)。

  ___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京)

  A. It B. As C. That D. What解析:B。As代表整個(gè)主句talks between the countries are making progress,作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。句意為:正如報(bào)紙上所報(bào)道的那樣,各國(guó)的會(huì)談取得了進(jìn)展。

  ● 關(guān)系詞的省略 ●

  ◆限定性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略

  1) 關(guān)系代詞的省略:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that、who(m)、which在作從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略;但是whom和which若在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不可以省略。例如:

  — Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006 江西)

  — Yes, there's one point _______ we must insist on.

  A. why

  B. where

  C. how

  D. /

  解析:D。該題中的先行詞是one point,定語(yǔ)從句we must insist on前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which或that。

  — Why does she always ask you for help?

  — There is no one else ______, is there? (2005 北京)

  A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

  C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

  解析:B。該題中的先行詞是no one else,she can turn to前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom或who;值得注意的是, 本句還可以寫(xiě)成to whom she can turn。

  2) 關(guān)系副詞的省略:

 、賂he time、every time、each time、the moment等后的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如:By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.

 、谠谀承┍硎镜攸c(diǎn)的名詞(如the place)后,關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可以省略。例如:This is the place (where) we met years ago.

 、巯刃性~the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如:The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

  ④當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),關(guān)系副詞常常省略。例如:I appreciate the way (that) you teach us.

  What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it. (2004 湖北)

  A. the way

  B. in the way that C. in the way

  D. the way which

  解析:A。根據(jù)句意該用the way,所以在A和D中選擇。然后考查the way后接定語(yǔ)從句的用法,具體用法有三種:(1)用in which引導(dǎo);(2)用that引導(dǎo);(3)省略關(guān)系副詞。此題屬于第三種用法,應(yīng)選A。

  ◆非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略

  非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略,并且指物只能用which,指人只能用who(主格)/whom(賓格),不能用that。例如:

  Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. (2004 浙江)

  A. when

  B. where

  C. what

  D. which

  解析:D。這是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,which在定語(yǔ)從句中作about的賓語(yǔ),不能省略。

  The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京春)

  A. where

  B. when

  C. which

  D. who

  解析:D。先行詞為T(mén)he famous basketball star,表示人,所以關(guān)系詞要用who;同時(shí),who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可以省略。

  ● 從句的位置 ●

  一般來(lái)說(shuō),定語(yǔ)從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后,比較容易找出從句;但有時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞會(huì)被介詞或其他成分分隔,從而給從句的辨別帶來(lái)一定的難度。下面,就來(lái)看從句和先行詞被分隔開(kāi)的兩種情況。

  ◆被介詞分隔

  定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞被介詞分隔,實(shí)際上也就是關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí),關(guān)系詞多和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。用于這種情況的關(guān)系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人),that一般不能放在介詞之后。例如:

  He was educated at a local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江蘇)

  A. after which

  B. after that

  C. in which

  D. in that

  解析:A。根據(jù)從句的意思確定是介詞after“在……之后”,which在此指代整個(gè)主句He was educated at a local high school,故答案選A。

  Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. (2005 湖南)

  A. that

  B. in which

  C. by which

  D. how

  解析:B。該題是考查“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 動(dòng)詞不定式”的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),它可以還原為:Frank's dream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands.

  注意:有時(shí)候關(guān)系副詞when和where也可以用在介詞之后,如since when、by when和from where等。例如:

  The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007 山東)

  A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when

  解析:D。根據(jù)從句的意思確定是選since when,when在此指代時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1946。

  ◆被其他成分分隔

  一般來(lái)說(shuō),定語(yǔ)從句總是緊跟著它所修飾的先行詞,但有時(shí)候定語(yǔ)從句如果緊接先行詞會(huì)引起主句頭重腳輕或句意分隔等問(wèn)題,此時(shí),從句和先行詞被其他成分分隔。例如:

  The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建)

  A. when

  B. which

  C. that

  D. where

  解析:選D。定語(yǔ)從句where we learned farming two years ago修飾它的先行詞the village,中間被謂語(yǔ)has developed a lot隔開(kāi)。

  After graduation she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decide what to do. (2007 江西)

  A. that B. what C. which D. where

  解析:選D。定語(yǔ)從句where she needed to decide what to do修飾它的先行詞a point,中間被定語(yǔ)in her career隔開(kāi)。

  除了以上考查定語(yǔ)從句自身所包含的一些考點(diǎn),在高考英語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也結(jié)合其他考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。較常見(jiàn)的有:在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的省略句型中考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。例如:

  — Where did you get to know her?

  — It was on the farm ____ we worked. (2007 山東)

  A. that B. there C. which D. where

  解析:D。該題很容易誤選A。解題時(shí),先還原句子:It was on the farm (where we worked) that I got to know her. 還原后,不難發(fā)現(xiàn):原來(lái)這個(gè)句子主句實(shí)際上是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It was...that”省略了that I got to know her?崭裉幍脑~實(shí)際上要引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾限定farm。

  以上是對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)的分析,希望能對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句有所幫助。

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