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代詞(pron)代替名詞,兼有名詞和形容詞的作用
相互代詞 each other,one another
指示代詞 this,that,these,those
不定代詞(不指明特定的人或事物的代詞)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,many,much,other,another
復(fù)合不定代詞everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything, nothing
疑問代詞 what,who,whom,which,whose
直接代詞 疑問代詞都可作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)賓語從句.表語從句等。
關(guān)系代詞 who,whom,whose,that,which用引導(dǎo)定語從句。
。ǘ┐~的用法
1.人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞和指示代詞的用法
。1)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,主格用來作主語,賓格用來作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語等。
eg. She gavemea red apple.她給了我一個(gè)紅蘋果: (She作主語,me作動(dòng)詞賓語)
Kathy is near him.凱西靠近他。(介詞near的賓語)
2,物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。
、傩稳菰~性物主代詞位于名詞前:their school,his backpack
、诿~性物主代詞相當(dāng)干一個(gè)名詞,在句中可作主語、賓語等,后面不能再接名詞。
egIt isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主語)
I left my pen at home.You can use hers(=her pen),(作賓語)
、"of+名詞性物主代詞”屬雙重所有格的一種形式。
eg.a cat of hers她的一條狗,a friend of yours你的一個(gè)朋友
。3)反身代詞①反身代詞在句中可作同位語,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,也可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。
eg.A few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位語)
She bought herself a new bag.(作動(dòng)詞賓語)He's not worried about himself.(作介詞賓語)
、趲в蟹瓷泶~的常用短語。
teach oneself自學(xué)help oneself to隨便吃些…吧say to oneself自言自語.learn...by oneself自學(xué)…
enjoy oneself過得愉快leave one by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下hurt oneself傷了自己dress oneself自己穿衣服come to oneself蘇醒過來
(4)相互代詞①表示相互關(guān)系,可用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語,用法區(qū)別不大。
eg.For years,the two sisters looked after one another(each other).多年來姐妹倆互相照顧。
We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相學(xué)習(xí)。
②可以用格表示所有關(guān)系:each other’s, one another’s互相的,彼此的
eg.They are looking at each other’s pictures.他們相互看對(duì)方的照片。
。5)指示代詞
、僦甘敬~有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,既可指物,也可用于介紹人。
Eg This is an apple tree,and that is an orange tree.這是一棵蘋果樹,那是一棵桔子樹。
These are my friends,and that is my sister.這些是我朋友,那個(gè)是我姐姐。
②指示代詞可用來指上文中提到的事情:
eg.Steve had a bad cold.This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday·
2.不定代詞的用法
。1)each,every,both,all,either,neither,no,none的用法
、賓ach"每個(gè)/各個(gè)”(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體),用于兩者或兩者以上。
eg.Two girls came and l gave an apple to each.來了倆姑娘,我給她們每人一個(gè)蘋果。
Each of them has a nice ring.她們每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。
、趀very"每個(gè)/各個(gè)”(強(qiáng)調(diào)全體),用于兩者以上。every常作形容詞用。
eg.Everyday is important to us.每天對(duì)我們都很重要。
He has read every book(all the books) On the subject.他閱讀了所有有關(guān)這個(gè)主題的書。
③both表示兩者“都”(強(qiáng)調(diào)全體)。eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是醫(yī)生。
Both of them are doctors.他倆都是醫(yī)生。They both like potatoes.他倆喜歡吃土豆。
④all“全體/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可數(shù)名詞。
eg.That’s all for today.今天到此為止。 All of us are from China.我們都來自中國(guó)。
All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。
、輊ither“兩者之一”,用于兩者(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)。eg.The two coats are cheap,so you can choose either of them.那兩件外套不貴,你可以隨便挑一件。
⑥neither“兩個(gè)都不”,用于否定兩者。eg. Neither Of the books is/are so interesting.
、遪o(=not any/not a)“沒有”可接可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞。
eg.I have no brothers Or sisters.我沒有兄弟姐妹.A clock has no mouth,but it can talk.
、鄋one“沒有一個(gè)人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名{司。
eg.None Of them has/have been to Japan.他們都沒去過日本。
I like none of the books.這些書我全都不喜歡。
、醤either和none表示完全否定;all,both,each和every(含every的復(fù)合詞)等與not連用時(shí)表示部分否定。eg.I don’t know all of you.我不完全認(rèn)識(shí)你們。
Not everyone Of us know how to go there.不是我們每個(gè)人都知道怎樣去那兒。
。2)one,ones和no one的用法 :one用來代替前面剛提到的一個(gè)東西或一個(gè)人,以免重復(fù);復(fù)數(shù)ones用來代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。
eg.——Would you please pass me the science book?給我遞過那本科學(xué)方面的書好嗎?
一Which one?哪一本?一The one on my shelf.我書架上的那本。
No one has traveled farther than to the moon.沒有人旅行遠(yuǎn)過月球。
。3)(a)few,(a)little;many,much;some,any的用法
、賛any(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),much(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“許多/很多”。
eg.Many Of the students come from England.那些孩子許多是從英國(guó)來的。
Thanks,it’s too much for me.謝謝,我承受不起。
②few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“沒多/很少”(表否定)。
eg,There were few people in the street last night.昨晚街上沒什么人。
I am very worried that l have little time to finish the job.我擔(dān)心,我?guī)缀鯖]有時(shí)間完成這份工作了。
、踑 few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞),a little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“有一些/有幾個(gè)”(表肯定)。
eg.I call see a few cakes and a little bread inthe fridge.我看到冰箱里有幾塊蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few表示“相當(dāng)多”eg.There are quite a few students over there.那兒有相當(dāng)多的孩子。
④some(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞),any(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞)表示“有一些/有幾個(gè)”(表肯定)。
eg.There are some birds in the tree.樹上有些鳥。There is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。
I don’t have any brothers Of sisters.我沒有 Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶嗎?
、.some一般用于肯定句,但在表示請(qǐng)求、建議。反問等的疑問句中,多用some。
eg: Would you like some beer?你要不要來點(diǎn)啤酒嗎?
Why didn’t you buy some sweets?(You should have bought...)你怎么沒買點(diǎn)糖果?
、.any一般用于疑問句和否定句及條件從句 eg.There isn't any water left.沒有剩下一點(diǎn)水。
If you have any questions, put up your hands。please.如果有問題,請(qǐng)舉手。
⑦:some+單數(shù)名詞表示“某一個(gè)”,any+單數(shù)名詞表示“隨便哪一個(gè)”或“任何一個(gè)”。
eg.I'll catch up with you some day有一天我會(huì)趕上你的。Come any day you like.你哪天來都行。
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.湯姆比他班上其他任何一個(gè)孩子都高。
④one ,other, others, the others ,another等的用法
1.○ ● one……the other 表示兩個(gè)人或兩件東西中的“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)”
eg. Mr Smith has two daughters.0ne is a teacher,the other is a nurse.
2.○ ○○●○ one ………another表示不定數(shù)目中的“一個(gè)”與“另—個(gè)”。
eg. I don’t want this One, please give me another.
3.○ ●●● one ……the others強(qiáng)調(diào)在一定范圍中的“一個(gè)”與“其余的”。
eg. In Our school One Of the teachers is American,the Others are Chinese.
4.○○○ ●●●● some…… the others表示許多人或物,不在一定范圍中的“一部分”與“其余的全部”。 eg.Some students are reading,the others are drawing pictures.
⑤others=other+名詞;the others=the Other+名詞。
eg.Some students like traveling,others(other students) like watching TV at home.
⑥another表示“再/又”時(shí)既可接單數(shù)名詞,也可接數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
eg. He will be able to finish his work in another two hours.再過兩個(gè)小時(shí)他就能完成他的工作。
。4)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法①?gòu)?fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
eg.Someone is knocking at the door.有人在敲門
、谛揎棌(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或其它詞要放在其后,即定語后置。
eg.There is something important On today’s newspaper.今天的報(bào)紙有些重要新聞。
、蹚(fù)合不定代詞變否定句時(shí),要否定主語:eg.Something is wrong.(變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?/p>
Something isn’t wrong.(錯(cuò)誤) Nothing is wrong.(正確)
④Somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句、疑問句及條件句eg.There is something new in the park.公園里有些新的景點(diǎn)。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么有趣的事要告訴我們嗎?
⑤當(dāng)somebody,someone等用于疑問句時(shí),表示肯定、請(qǐng)求、建議或反問;anybody,anyone等用在肯定句中表示“任何人”。eg.Is someone coming this afternoon?今天下午有客人來嗎?
Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤。
3.疑問代詞的用法。
(1)who/whom 誰(指人).①作主語 eg. Who wants to go with him? ②作賓語 eg.Who/Whom are you waiting for?(作介詞for的賓語)eg.Who/Whom do you want tomeet?(作動(dòng)詞meet的賓語) ③作表語 eg.Who/Whom are they?
。2)whose誰的 ①作定語 eg. Whose pen is this? ②作表語 eg. Whose is this pen?
。3)which哪一個(gè),哪一些 ①作定語 eg.Which girl is Kathy? ②作表語 eg. Which is the boy’s ball?
(4)what什么 ①作主主語 eg. What’s on the table?②作賓語 eg. What are you doing?
、圩鞅碚Z eg. What is he? ④作定語 eg. What class are you in?
4.關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞用來引起定語從句,它一方面代表定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞,另——方面又在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
eg·This is the man who gave me the book. 這就是給我書的那個(gè)人。
The money that/which is on the table is mine. 桌上的錢是我的。
The money that/which my mother gave me is on the table. 我媽媽給我的錢在桌上。
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