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一、冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。
A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。
1. 不定冠詞的用法
(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：
John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如：
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如：
A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)表示“每一”的意思，相當于every。例如：
Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
2.定冠詞用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如：
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上的事物。例如：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞更高級之前。例如：
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習慣用語中。例如：
the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。
(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：
the Browns, the whites等。
3.不用冠詞的情況
(1)某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：
China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。
(2)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時，不用冠詞。例如：
That is my cap.
I have some questions.
Go down this street.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時，不用冠詞。
They are workers.
We are students.
(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：
I don’t feel well today, Mother.
Bush was made president of the U.S.
(5)三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動，學科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：
I have lunch at home.
He often plays football after class.
We have English and maths every day.
(6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：
By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。
二、數(shù)詞的用法
數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞�；鶖�(shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。
1.基數(shù)詞的用法
(1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：
Thirty of them are Party members.(主語)
—— How many would you like?
—— Three ，please.(作賓語)
The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定語)
Six plus four is ten.(表語)
We four will go with you.(同位語)
(2)表示一個具體數(shù)字時，hundred, thousand, million一律不用復(fù)數(shù);在表示一個不確定數(shù)字時則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
They arrived in twos and threes.
(3)表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：
He is in his early thirties.
He died still in his forties.
This took place in 1930s.
(4)表示時刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：
We get up at six.
The workers begin work at eight.
表示“幾點過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。例如：
ten past ten,
a quarter past nine,
half past twelve
表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to, 但分數(shù)須在半小時以上。例如：
twenty to nine,
five to eight,
a quarter to ten
表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：
seven fifteen,
eleven thirty,
nine twenty
2.序數(shù)詞的用法
(1)序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：
The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.
John lives on the fifteenth floor.
(2)序數(shù)詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：
We'll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak.
(3)由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不對應(yīng)，很容易寫錯，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。
(4)表示年，月，日時， 年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：
1949年十月一日讀作： October (the) first, nineteen sixty
2004年九月十日讀作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four
(5)表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如：
three fourths,
one second,
two fifths
(6)序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式：
first→1st second→2nd
third→3rd fourth→4th
twenty-second→22nd
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