初中英語學(xué)習(xí)資料大全（適用于提前學(xué)習(xí)初中英語學(xué)生）(5)

　　◎問時(shí)間長久

　　▲問時(shí)間長久可用how long

　　例句一：我在上海十年了。

　　I have been in Shanghai for ten years.

　　疑問句：How long have you been in Shanghai?

　　例句二：他在去年年底就在這里了。

　　He has been here since the end of last year.

　　疑問句：How long has he been here?

　　例句三：他們花了近一年時(shí)間完成了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

　　It took them almost one year to finish this plan

　　疑問句：How long did it take them to finish this plan?

　　◎問方法、途徑、手段、形容詞表語性質(zhì)和副詞程度

　　▲問方法、途徑、手段、形容詞表語和副詞程度用how

　　例句一：他們（坐車、坐船，坐飛機(jī)，火車）到那里。

　　They got there by (bus, ship, air, train).

　　疑問句：How did they get there? (問方法、途徑和手段)

　　例句二：這些蘋果吃起來很好。

　　These apples taste nice.

　　疑問句：How do these apples taste? (問形容詞表語性質(zhì))

　　例句三：李小姐看上去又美又陽光。

　　Miss Lee looks beautiful and healthy.

　　疑問句：How does Miss Lee look? (問形容詞表語性質(zhì))

　　例句四：他車開的飛快。

　　He drives his car quickly.

　　疑問句：How does he drive his car? (問副詞的程度)

　　例句五：我們用冷凍車把冷凍食物送到商店里。

　　We get the frozen food to the shops in refrigerated trucks.

　　疑問句：How do you get the frozen food to the shops? (問方法、途徑和手段)

　　◎問動作頻率

　　▲問動作頻率用how often

　　例句一：我們一個(gè)星期鍛煉一次。

　　We do our exercise once a week

　　疑問句：How often do you do your exercise.

　　例句二：他們一天去商店2次。

　　They go to the shoptwice a day.

　　疑問句：How often do they go to the shop?

　　◎問距離

　　▲問距離用how far

　　例句一：我家到公園有十分鐘的距離。

　　It is a ten-minute walk from my home to the park.

　　疑問句：How far is it from your home to the park?

　　例句二：他從學(xué)校到汽車站開車要15分鐘。

　　It is a fifteen-minute drive from his school to the bus-stop.

　　疑問句：How far is it from his school to the bus-stop?

　　◎問多快

　　▲問再過多久，多快用how soon,用于一般將來時(shí)中

　　例句一：孩子將在2天后訪問科技園。

　　The students will visit the science park in two days.

　　疑問句：How soon will the students visit the science park?

　　例句二：我們?nèi)�周后去蘇州。

　　We will leave for Suzhou in three weeks.

　　疑問句：How soon will you leave for Suzhou?

　　◎問原因、問動作的目的

　　▲問原因、問動作的目的用why

　　例句一：他想成為一名數(shù)學(xué)老師，因?yàn)樗�喜歡教數(shù)學(xué)

　　He wants to be a math teacher because he enjoys math teaching.

　　疑問句：Why does he want to be a math teacher? （問原因）

　　例句二：我們開了一個(gè)會議來討論我們的問題。

　　We had a meeting to discuss our problems.

　　疑問句：Why did you have a meeting? （問動作的目的）

　　例句三：天氣太糟糕，所以我們沒有外出。

　　The weather was too bad, so we did not go out.

　　疑問句：Why did not you go out? （問原因）

　　例句四：我們每天都喝水，所以我們能更健康。

　　We drink water every day so that we can be healthier.

　　疑問句：Why do you drink water every day? （問原因）

　　例句五：在我老師的幫助下，我贏得了獎(jiǎng)品。

　　I won the prize with the help of my teacher.

　　疑問句：Why did you win the prize? （問原因）

　　▲cost、take、spend和pay for四個(gè)單詞的具體含義（中考重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)）

　　◇Cost是要花多少錢的意思

　　例句一：這本書花了他50元錢。

　　This book cost him 50 Yuan.

　　注：這句話可以修改成：他在這本書上花了50元錢。

　　He spent 50 Yuan on this book.

　　或：他為這本書支付了50元。

　　He paid 50 Yuan for this book.

　　這三者之間經(jīng)常互換

　　◇Take是花多少時(shí)間的意思

　　例句一：我去學(xué)校要20分鐘。

　　It takes me twenty minutes to go to school.

　　注：這句話可以修改為 I spend twenty minutes going to school.

　　◇Pay for是付錢的意思

　　例句一：這臺電腦他支付了1000元。

　　He paid 1000 Yuan for this computer.

　　注：這句話也可以改為：他花了1000元在/買了這臺電腦上。

　　He spent 1000 Yuan on/buying this computer.

　　或：這臺電腦花了他1000元。

　　注：This computer cost him 1000 Yuan.

　　◇Spend含有花錢在某事上和花時(shí)間做某事的意思，有spend on something和spend doing something常見的兩種用法。

　　例句一：我在這些蘋果上花了100美金。

　　I spent 100 dollars on these apples.

　　或可修改為：I paid 100 dollars for these apples. These apples cost me 100 dollars.

　　例句二：他去上學(xué)要花10分鐘時(shí)間。

　　He spends ten minutes going to school.

　　注：這句話可以修改為it takes him ten minutes to go to school.反過來這句話也可以改為He spends ten minutes going to school.

　　▲把（主語為一般將來時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）句型中的條件句連詞if 改為unless,主語改為反義句子形式。（重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)）

　　例句一：如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將會拿的。

　　If you study hard, you will get high scores.

　　修改：你拿不到的，除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)。(反義)

　　You will not get high scores unless you study hard.

　　例句二：如果你天天鍛煉，你將會更健康的。

　　If you exercise every day, you will be healthier.

　　修改：你不會更健康, 除非你天天鍛煉。

　　You will not be healthier unless you exercise every day. (反義)

　　注意：以上幾種句型可以互換，請認(rèn)真研究。

　　▲用so….that和so that來進(jìn)行合并的句型（中考重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)）

　　★so….that和so that的區(qū)別：so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。

　　例句一：這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題難。我無法解答。

　　The math problem is difficult. I can’t work it out.

　　合并：這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題太難了，所以我無法解答。

　　The math problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out. (表結(jié)果)

　　例句二：他跑地快。我無法追上他。

　　He ran fast. I could not catch up with him.

　　合并：他跑的太快了，所以我無法追上他。

　　Hs ran so fast that I could not catch up with him. (表結(jié)果)

　　例句三：他們起地早。他們想趕上早班火車。

　　They got up early. They could catch the early train.

　　合并：為了趕早班火車，他們很早就起床了。

　　They got up early so that they could catch the early train. (表目的)

　　例句四：我吃地很慢。我能待在家里陪我朋友說話。

　　I ate slowly. I could stay at home to talk with my friend.

　　為了待在家里陪我朋友說話,我吃地非常慢。

　　I ate slowly so that I could stay at home to talk with my friend. (表目的)

　　▲用in order to 或so as to表目的的合并句型

　　★區(qū)別：in order to 可用在句首和句中，so as to只能用在句子中間。

　　例句一：我買了這些歷史書是因?yàn)槲蚁敫�加了解歷史。

　　I bought these history books because I wanted to know history more.

　　修改：為了更好地了解歷史，我買了這些歷史書。

　　In order to know history more, I bought these history books.（句首）

　　例句二：我給他10000美金。我想幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語。

　　I gave him 10000 dollars. I wanted to help him to study English.

　　合并：我給他10000美金為的是想幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語。

　　I gave him 10000 dollars in order to help him to study English. （句中）

　　I gave him 10000 dollars so as to help him to study English. （句中）

　　注意：這句話可以用so that 或in order that 來表述

　　例句一：我給他10000美金為的是我能幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語。

　　I gave him 10000 dollars so that I could help him to study English.

　　I gave him 10000 dollars in order that I could help him to study English.

　　21problem 和question的區(qū)別

　　二者做名詞皆有“問題”的意思，但具體含義不同。

　　problem指客觀存在的亟待解決的問題。

　　例：Local government still has not had a solution to the housing problem.

　　地方政府還沒有找到解決住房問題的方法。

　　question指由于不能斷定或疑惑不解提出的問題，且等待回答。

　　例：He always is asking some silly questions.

　　他經(jīng)常問一些愚蠢的問題。

　　22path, road和street的區(qū)別

　　path是指田野、林間、山中或公園等地方的小路、小徑。

　　例：He followed the path down to the lake.

　　他沿著小路來到湖邊。

　　road是指城鎮(zhèn)間有汽車通行的大路。

　　例：There are many cars on the road.

　　路上有許多車。

　　street指兩側(cè)有建筑物和商店等的大街和街道。

　　例：There are several restaurants on the corner of the street.

　　街的拐角處有幾家飯店。

　　23agriculture和farming的區(qū)別

　　二者做名詞皆有“農(nóng)業(yè)”的意思，但具體含義不同。

　　agriculture是泛指的農(nóng)業(yè)，包括農(nóng)藝、農(nóng)學(xué)。

　　例：She studies agriculture.

　　他研究農(nóng)業(yè)。

　　farming指從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)勞動或者耕作。

　　例：The soil is very good for farming.

　　這土壤合適耕種。

　　動詞近義詞詞義辨析通俗講解

　　1achieve, gain, get的區(qū)別

　　achieve指經(jīng)過努力實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)或目的。

　　例：We have achieved great victory

　　我們?nèi)〉昧司薮蟮某晒Α?br />
　　gain是指得到某種利益、好處，不強(qiáng)調(diào)為此所付出的努力。

　　例：They gained much experience in the work.

　　他們在工作中獲得很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　get是以某種方法、方式所得到。

　　例：I got two apples from my uncle.

　　我從我叔叔處拿到2個(gè)蘋果。

　　2agree to, agree with和agree on的區(qū)別。

　　agree to后面可以接名詞,代詞和動詞不定式。

　　例：The manager agreed to the plan.（接名詞）

　　經(jīng)理同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

　　例：He did not agree to lend me his bike.

　　他不同意把自行車皆給我。

　　agree with后面接名詞，代詞。

　　例：All of us agree with his thought.

　　我們都同意他的想法。

　　agree on后面接名詞,表示“對……取得一致的意見”。

　　例：They could not agree on the price.

　　他們對價(jià)格不能達(dá)成一致意見。

　　3arrive 和reach的區(qū)別

　　二者做動詞皆有“到達(dá)”的意思，但具體含義不同。

　　arrive是不及物動詞，不接名詞，后面可以接副詞，但加介詞at, in可成為及物動詞后面接名詞。

　　例：They will arrive here.（here是副詞）

　　他們將來這里。

　　例：Did you arrive at the village last night? （village是名詞）

　　你昨晚到那個(gè)村莊了嗎？

　　reach是及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語，表“達(dá)到”時(shí)與arrive at\in和get同義詞。

　　例：We reached the top of the mountain at last.

　　我們較終到了山頂。