第10講：時態(tài) (二)
時態(tài)的運用比較復(fù)雜，好多同學(xué)因為做題時不知應(yīng)用哪種時態(tài)而撓頭皮。其實你只要把易混的時態(tài)掌握好，對你來說時態(tài)就沒有什么難點可言了。而你易混的時態(tài)無非是一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時，一般過去時和過去完成時的比較罷了。這有何難?看看下面的分析，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一切"as easy as A B C"。
一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時：
一般過去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過去，陳述一個事實，它可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示某一完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用。
如： We have seen that film. 我們已看過那部電影。 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是我們對影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。只說明昨天晚上看電影這一事實。
注意：有些時間狀語，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般過去時，又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但所表達的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去式則與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如： I have read this book this April.(說話時仍然為四月。) I read this book this April. (說話時四月份已過。)
一般過去式和過去完成時的比較：
一般過去式表示過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，即"過去的過去"。當強調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在某一動作之前時，常用此時態(tài)。
如： He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九點之前他已經(jīng)完成了功課。實際上，一般現(xiàn)在時和過去完成時常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 當他到家的時候，他的女兒早已去睡覺了。
在帶有after和before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，所以可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。 如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完功功課不久便來拜訪我。也可以說： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
哇塞，我們終于學(xué)完了所有時態(tài)，摩拳擦掌，試試趁熱打鐵！
訓(xùn)練：
1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.
A. was...studying
B. will ... study
C. has ...studied
D. are studying
2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.
A. went to , wanted
B. goes to , wants
C. has gone , wants
D. has been to, wants
4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.
A. knows
B. know
C. will know
D. is going to know
5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?
--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.
A. have given
B. will give
C. gave
D. give
6. --Tom ______ out.
--Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?
A. is, did, go
B. went, is ,going
C. has gone, did, go
D. is going, does, go
7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.
A. have
B. are having
C. having
D. will have
8. --" Where is Li Lei?"
--" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."
A. is putting on , is playing
B. puts on, will play
C. is putting on , will play
D. put on, played
9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.
A. have been in , two years ago
B. has gone to, two years
C. have been to, two years
D. has been in, two years ago
10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.
A. is cooking
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. cooks
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