第11講：動詞語態(tài)
和時態(tài)一樣，語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語的關系。如果動作由主語執(zhí)行，就可使用主動語態(tài)，如果主語不是由主語執(zhí)行，主語是動作的承受者，則可使用被動語態(tài)。由此我們可以看出英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者，什么事情被主語做。被動語態(tài)的構成和形式被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成，一定要記住是及物動詞。助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，注意要與我們前一講學過的八個時態(tài)配合使用。
適合被動語態(tài)的情況：
不知道動作由誰發(fā)出，或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動作。如： This table is made of wood. 需要突出或強調動作的承受者時，如： This park was built for children.
注意：主動句中的主語如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們"，沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰，為被動句時，通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
注意：在主動句里,不定式在make，see，hear等動詞后面作賓語補足語時都不帶to，但變成被動句時，后面的不定式都需帶to。如：He was made to do that work.
主動語態(tài)不能變被動語態(tài)的情況：學了被動語態(tài)，別以為主動句和被動句可以隨意轉換，千萬要注意呀！有些主動語態(tài)不能轉換成被動語態(tài)。當賓語是反身代詞時, 如：You should take care of yourself. 當謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動作的及物動詞時，如：Does the skirt suit you?
訓練：
1. The stars _______ in the daytime.
A. can't see
B. can't be seen
C. can't been see
D. see
2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.
A. will give
B. is given
C. will be give
D. will be given
3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.
A. was found
B. found
C. was founded
D. founded
4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
5. I was astonished (吃驚) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.
A. has cost
B. cost
C. costed
D. was cost
6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.
A. steel
B. to steal
C. to be stolen
D. stealed
7. She has _________ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
8. The computer ________ in the room.
A. can use
B. can be use
C. can be used
D. can used
9. That clock ______ Big Ben.
A. call
B. calling
C. is called
D. calls
10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.
A. shows
B. will shows
C. will be showed
D. shows
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