上海初三英語期末考試復(fù)習(xí)資料知識點(diǎn)

　　上海初三英語期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料知識點(diǎn)！同學(xué)們期末診斷馬上就要開始了，大家正在緊張的復(fù)習(xí)，同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)時要抓住各科的知識點(diǎn)。下面是小編特意為大家整理的上海初三英語期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料知識點(diǎn)，供大家參考使用。

 

上海初三期末診斷各科復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識點(diǎn)匯總

　　九年級英語上期期末復(fù)習(xí)( Unit 1-12 )

　　Unit 1

　　1. He studies by asking the teacher for help

　　by 以 … 方式，靠 + n / doing I went to school by bus /train /subway / bike / plane /boat….

　　2. the best way to do sth 做某事的較好方法

　　3. Joining the English club was the best way to improve our English.

　　動名詞作主語 + V 三單

　　4. have trouble / problem / difficult / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困難

　　5. laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人

　　6. last ( 持續(xù) ) + 一段時間 The rain lasted for 6 hours yesterday.

　　7. regard …..as …… = consider….as…..= treat …… as……. 把 ….. 當(dāng)成 ……

　　8. complain to sb about doing sth 抱怨某人做某事

　　9. except / besides

　　except 除 … 以外 …. All the students went to the zoo except me

　　besides 除 …. 以外 (包括在內(nèi)) I have few friends besides you.

　　10. as soon as…. 一 …. 就 …… (條件狀語從句， 主將從現(xiàn)) I’ll call you as soon as I get there.

　　11. if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時 “ 是否 ” if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 “ 假如，如果 ” ，主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　I don’t know if it will rain ， if it rains ， I won’t go out.

　　賓從 條從

　　Unit 2

　　1. 1 ) used to do sth 過去常常做某事 He used to do homework until 10 pm.

　　2 ) be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事 I’m used to getting up early. She is used to living alone.

　　3 ) be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 被用于做某事 Knife is used to cut things = Knife is used for cutting things.

　　2. afford 買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起( … 的費(fèi)用) I can’t afford a new car. afford to do sth 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事

　　3. get in trouble with 與 …. 發(fā)生糾紛 be patient with sb of sth 在某事上對某人很耐心

　　4. be proud of = take pride in + n / doing 對 ….. 感到驕傲

　　5. It ‘s time (for sb) to do sth / It’s time for sth 是(某人)該做某事的時候了

　　Unit 3

　　1. be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事 allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事 allow to do sth 允許做某事

　　2. (1) instead of + n /pre / ving

　　She prefers milk instead of (=rather than) coffee. We’d like to go sightseeing instead of staying at home.

　　(2) instead 相反的、代替。常放句末。 I don’t like swimming ， I like playing games instead.

　　3. So do we 我也是

　　So + 助、 be 、情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 “ 某人也一樣 ” I have to do my homework . So does he .

　　Nor /neither 助、 be 、情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 “ 某人也不 ” Mary didn’t go to the party last night . Neither /nor did I .

　　4. I’m not allowed to get my ears pierced.

　　Get sth done / have sth done 這事兒不是主語做的，而是找別人做的。

　　My bike broke down ， I’ll have it repaired. 我的自行車壞了，我得找人修理。

　　5. be strict with sb 對某人嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth 在某方面很嚴(yán)格

　　6. be comfortable to do sth 做某事很方便

　　7. be good for 對 ….. 有好處。 Vegetable and fruit are good for your health.

　　be good at = do well in + n / pre / doing 擅長 …. He is good at swimming

　　be good to = be friendly to 對 ….. 很友善。

　　8. have an opportunity to do sth 有機(jī)會做某事。

　　9.語法：不定代詞

　　(1) some / any 均為 “ 一些 ” ， + 可、不可數(shù)名詞; some 一般用于肯定， any 多用于否定或疑問句。 但在疑問句中，當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議時應(yīng)用 some. ---Would you like some coffee ? ---Yes ， please. / No ， thanks

　　(2)many / much many + 可數(shù)名詞 much + 不可數(shù)名詞 都可與 so ， too ， as ， how 搭配。

　　(1) either / neither either 指兩者其一 neither 指兩者都不

　　either…..or….. 不是 … 就是 …. neither…..nor….. 既不 … 也不 ……

　　10. other ， the other ， others ， the others ， another

　　1) other 別的、其他的 2) the other 兩者中另一個 one …….. ， the other…….. 一個 … 另一個 …… 3) others 泛指別的人或物 =other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 some …… ， others….. 一些 ….. 另一些 ….. 4) the others 特指其余剩下的人或物 some….. ， the others…… 一些 ….. ，其余的 ……

　　5) another 任何一個， 另一個。(指三者以上中的任何一個)

　　11. get in the way of ……. 妨礙 …..

　　12. On….team . 在 … 隊里 He is on the school soccer team.

　　13. happen 出乎意料的發(fā)生 take place 有計劃的發(fā)生 兩者都沒有被動語態(tài) this accident has taken place for 5 years.

　　14. be serious about + n/ pre / doing 對 …. 很認(rèn)真

　　15. succeed (in) doing sth 成功地做某事 success n. successful adj

　　Unit 4

　　1. 數(shù)詞 +hundred/thousand/million/billion 幾百 / 千 / 百萬 / 十億

　　hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+ of 成百的 / 千的 / 百萬的 / 十億的

　　2.辨析 bring / take / fetch / carry

　　3. If I were you ， I’d wear a shirt and tie. If I had a million dollars ， I’d buy a big house.

　　If 的用法： 1 )在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，表示一種假設(shè)，需用虛擬語氣，對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，條件從句中用一般過去時( be 動詞勇 were )，主句用 would/should/could + V 原 If they were here ， they would help you.

　　2 )如果假設(shè)情況可能發(fā)生，句子用陳述語氣，條件從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來時。 If he comes ， I’ll bring him a present. If it rains tomorrow ， we won’t have a picnic.

　　4. invite sb to somewhere. invite sb to do sth

　　5. 辨析 borrow / lend / keep

　　borrow …from…. (主語)借進(jìn) I borrowed books from school library.

　　lend…..to ….. (主語)借出 Could you lend your dictionary to me?

　　keep 借并保存一段時間(常用于完成時 for ， since 與搭配，代替 borrow )

　　I’ve kept this story book for a month ， and I didn’t return it .

　　6. 許多。 (1) a lot of ， lots of ， some ， plenty of 既可修飾可數(shù)，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 (2) a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +V 復(fù) “ 大量的 ” A number of trees are cut down. (3) the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +V 三單 “.. 的數(shù)量 ” The number of students in our class is 52.

　　(4) amount of ， much ， a little ， little ， a bit of ， a deal of + 不可數(shù)名詞 + V 三單 (5) many ， a few ， few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +V 復(fù)

　　7. (rather) than 其后動詞的形式，與前面動詞的形式保持一致。

　　I like singing than dancing. 寧愿做 … 而不愿做 …..

　　1 ) would rather do sth than do sth. 2 ) would like to do sth ， than do sth 3 ) prefer to do sth rather than do sth 4 ) prefer doing to doing

　　8. 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth = be scared of doing sth be afraid to do sth

　　9. win 贏得比賽、致詞、地位、品質(zhì) beat 擊敗某人、某隊

　　10.辨別 noise 噪音 Don’t make any noise ! voice 人的嗓音 He has a good voice. sound 泛指各種聲音 The sound of car is too loud.

　　11. taste v. 品嘗，嘗起來 n. 味道，品味 系動詞 taste ， smell ， look ， sound ， feel + adj

　　12. 語法。 Give sb sth = give sth to sb 這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有：(加 to 的) give ， show ， send ， bring ， pass ， lend ， tell

　　(加 for 的) make ， buy ， do ， have ， cook ， find ， sing

　　Eg: I bought a gift for her. = I bought her a gift She lent me a book = She lent a book to me.

　　Unit 5

　　1. --Whose book is this? --It must /might / can’t /could be sb’s belong to sb.

　　2. It’s +adj + that …. It’s necessary /clear/important ……that….

　　It’s+adj+ to do sth it’s important/ necessary to work hard.

　　find/ think + it +adj + to do sth. I found it difficult to remember English words.

　　3. 對 … 感到擔(dān)心。 be anxious/worried about… worry about

　　渴望做某事 be anxious to do sth

　　4. He could be running for exercise.

　　情態(tài)動詞 +be +doing sth (表示猜測可能正在做某事)

　　5. sth happen to sb 某人碰巧遇到某事 When he walked across the road ， the car accident happened to him.

　　6. 太 …. much too + adj

　　太多 ….too much + 不可數(shù) n too many + 可數(shù) n

　　Unit 6

　　1. prefer sth to sth I prefer fish to meat.

　　prefer to do sth ， rather than do sth. = would rather do sth than do sth They prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

　　prefer doing to doing Jim prefers reading to playing games.

　　2. play + 運(yùn)動、棋類、消遣 play basketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chess

　　play+ the + 樂器 play the guitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums

　　3. go+ 運(yùn)動 ing : go shopping/ fishing / sightseeing/ cooking

　　4. aloud loud loudly

　　aloud 指讀書 read aloud. loud ， loudly 可互換，但 loud 可作 adj ， loudly 卻不能。

　　5.使 …. 想起 …. 提醒(某人) remind sb

　　remind sb of sth The photos reminded me of my school days.

　　remind sb to do sth Can you remind me to wake him up at 6:25.

　　6. though / although 和 but 不能連用

　　My grandfather is 100 years old ， but he is very health.= Though my grandfather is 100 years old ， he is very health.

　　because 和 so 也不能連用

　　7. famous = well-known

　　be famous for Martin is famous for writing story.

　　be famous as She is famous as a scientist.

　　be famous to The Great Wall is famous to the world.

　　8. a few+ 可數(shù)名詞 (表肯定)一些 a little+ 不可數(shù)名詞 (表肯定)一些

　　few (表否定) 幾乎沒有 little (表否定) 幾乎沒有

　　9. because + 句子 because of + 名詞、代詞、動名詞短語

　　He stopped playing soccer because he had a headache. He stopped playing soccer because of his headache.

　　10. expect to do sth = hope to do sth = wish to do sth.

　　11. have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself.

　　Unit 7

　　1. 辨析 relaxed / relaxing tired / tiring fascinated / fascinating

　　excited / exciting frustrated / frustrating disappointed /disappointing

　　surprised /surprising amazed / amazing interested / interesting

　　(加 ed 的修飾人 “ 感到。。。的 ” ;加 ing 的修飾物 “ 令人。。。的 ” )

　　eg: She was surprised to read this surprising news.

　　相關(guān)短語： be excited at be disappointed at be surprised at / to do sth

　　be interested in = taka an interest in + n / Ving

　　2. 旅行。 trek 徒步跋涉 trek trough the jungle/forest/mountain

　　travel 泛指旅行 travel around the world.

　　trip 短途旅行 have a trip. Trip to Chengdu .

　　3. 想要、愿意做某事 would like to do sth = want to do sth.

　　---Where would you like to go ? ---I’d like to visit somewhere warm.

　　4. 辨析 cross through over past

　　(1) cross 從表面上通過 walk cross the street/ bridge/ river….

　　(2) through 從空間通過 go through the forest/ jungle/ crowed…

　　(3) over 從上方跨過 jump over the wall

　　(4) past 從旁邊經(jīng)過 He walked past the window when we were having class.

　　5. hope / wish (1) hope to do sth hope + 從句

　　(2) wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish + 從句

　　6. I’d like to go somewhere relaxing.

　　adj 放不定代詞后修飾不定代詞。

　　7. Why not + V 原 …..? = Why don’t you + V 原 ….? Let’s + V 原

　　8. consider 考慮、認(rèn)為 consider doing sth / +how -

　　(what) +to do sth / + 名詞、從句

　　eg: We’re considering visiting Paris for holiday.

　　He has never considered how to solve the problem.

　　All of you should consider the feeling of the people.

　　Do you consider (認(rèn)為) that we can finish the project on time?

　　9. one of + adj 更高級 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + V 三單 One of the highest sights in Paris is Eiffel Tower.

　　10. 辨析 include / including

　　Our school includes two parts: Primary and Middle School.

　　I like all sports including playing soccer.

　　11. traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.

　　traveling around Paris by taxi 動名詞做主語 + V 三單

　　one of the cheapest ways to visit Paris is taking the underground train.

　　動名詞作表語從句的主語

　　12.辨析 cost spend pay take

　　Sth costs(cost)…… The TV cost me 500 dollars

　　Sb spend (spent) ….. on sth /doing sth I spent 500 dollars on the TV.

　　I spent 500 dollars buying the TV.

　　Sb pay (paid) …. For… I paid 500 dollars for the TV.

　　It takes (took) sb ….. to do sth. It took me 500 dollars to buy the TV.

　　13. unless = if not 條件狀語從句，由 if ， unless 引導(dǎo)。 (主將從現(xiàn)， 主過從過)

　　If it doesn’t rain ， we’ll go fishing. Unless you see a doctor ， you shouldn’t take the medicine.

　　14. 提供。 (1)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb.

　　He tried to find a job to provide his family with food.

　　He tried to find a job to provide food for his family.

　　(2) offer sb sth = offer sth to sb. She offered money to the poor children.

　　offer to do sth 自愿做某事

　　15. mind ， finish ， keep ， be busy ， feel like ， practice ， have fun ， enjoy ，

　　have trouble/problem/difficult/ a hard time ， permit ， spend ， be worth ， keep on ， keep ， be used to ， continue ， give up ， put off ， end up ， pay attention to ， look forward to ， consider ， suggest ， can’t help ， miss + doing sth feel ， hear ， see ， find ， watch ， notice sb do sth (做過) doing sth (正在做)

　　16.辨析 stop to do / stop doing remember to do / remember doing

　　forget to do / forget doing try to do / try doing

　　go on to do / go on doing allow to do / allow doing

　　17. 在介詞后( in ， at ， after ， on ， to ， for ， of ， by ， against ， with ， without ， after ， before ， )如果要用動詞，只能用 ving I study for a test by working with groups.

　　18. enough 的用法

　　adj / adv + enough 足夠。。。樣 enough + n 足夠的。。。

　　19.語法：主謂一致。 1 ) 當(dāng) and 或 both …and… 連接兩個或三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 & nbsp; Both you and I are good friends.

　　2. )不定代詞作主語 +V 三單 (either ， neither ， each ， the other ， another ， any/every/no/some 引導(dǎo)的不定代詞 ) Everyone is going to beach tomorrow.

　　3. ) 由 each ， every 引導(dǎo)的作主語，指同一個人時， +V 三單 Each boy and girl was given a gift.

　　4. ) 主語后有 with ， along with ， together with ， as well as ， more than ， including ， besides ， like ， except ， but. 謂語動詞由前面的主語決定 .

　　Mr Li with his wife and children is coming next week. Tom besides his friends plays volleyball every afternoon.

　　5)either…or…. neither…nor… not only…but also… 連接兩個主語，謂語動詞有靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。

　　Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. Either you or he is right.

　　6)there be 句型的 be 動詞由靠近它的主語決定，即就近原則。 There is a table and many desks in the room.

　　7)one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + V 三單 one of the women is from America.

　　20. dream of doing sth

　　achieve/ come true I believe I will achieve my dream one day.= I believe my dream will come true one day.

　　21. receive / accept

　　I’ve received her invitation to the party ， but I didn’t accept it ， because I’m busy.

　　22. 辨析 so that so….. that…. such…. That…

　　1) so that = in order that he works hard so that he can make more money.

　　2) such 修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞。 such + a/an + adj + n +that 從句 Mary is such a young girl that she can’t go to school.

　　such + adj+ 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that 從句

　　3)so 修飾強(qiáng)調(diào) adj 或 adv. so + adj / adv + that 從句 He is so clever that he can work out all the problems.

　　4 ) 當(dāng)名詞由 many ， much ， few ， little 修飾時，只能用 so

　　so many/ few+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +that 從句 so much/ little+ 不可數(shù)名詞 +that 從句 There are so much time that I can play with friends.

　　5) too…to… = not… enough to …. = so….. that….

　　23. 短語 be willing to do sth be similar to it seems that… seem to do sth

　　hold on to.. according to

　　24. 定語從句 (詳見 Unit 6-7 ) 1 ) 一般情況下， that 可指人，也可指物，可代替 who ， whom ， which; 但不能和介詞搭配。 Which 指物 who ， whom ， whose 指人 where 指某地 when 指某時

　　A doctor is a person who looks after people’ health.

　　I like the places where people are friendly.

　　2 ) 掌握 that 的幾種特殊用法(詳見書上) 3 ) 掌握 whom ， which 與介詞的用法

　　Units 8-12

　　1. volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花費(fèi)時間做某事

　　2. make a plan to do sth = plan to do sth 計劃或某事

　　3. take after = be similar to 和 …. 相似

　　4. repair = fix up 修理

　　5. thank you (thanks) for doing sth

　　6. like 表舉例時 “ 像 ….” 其后如果跟動詞必須用 doing

　　7. be(get) used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事 used to do sth 過去常常做某事

　　be used to do sth = be used for doing sth (某物)被用于做某事

　　8.辨析 bring ， take ， carry ， fetch

　　bring 拿來 take 帶走 carry 攜帶，搭乘，運(yùn)載，抬 fetch 取回

　　9. adj/adv + enough 足夠 ….. enough + n 足夠的 ….

　　10. divide …..into….. 把 …. 劃分成 …

　　11. the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide.

　　popularity 人口 + V 三單

　　12. the number of (….. 的數(shù)量 ) +V 三單 a number of ( 大量的 ) + V 復(fù)數(shù)

　　13. dream of doing sth 夢想做某事

　　14. happen = take place ( 沒有被動語態(tài) )

　　15. 辨析 forget to do sth 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過某事

　　leave (left) sth somewhere 把(某物)忘在某地 lose – lost--lost 丟失

　　16.到達(dá) arrive at / in + 地點(diǎn) get to + 地點(diǎn) reach + 地點(diǎn) 注明：如果后面不跟地點(diǎn)只能用 arrive

　　17. on time 準(zhǔn)時 in time 按時

　　18. wake up 醒來 wake – woke – waken hang out 閑逛

　　19. wait (for) sbto do sth 等待某人做某事

　　20. invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 invite sb to somewhere 邀請某人去某地

　　21.辨析 embarrassed / embarrassing

　　22. show up 出現(xiàn)、出席 stay up 熬夜

　　23. dress up 裝扮、打扮 dress sb (in) 給(某人)穿衣服

　　wear 穿著、戴著(表狀態(tài)) put on 穿上 (表動作)

　　24. hundreds of 數(shù)百的、 thousands of 數(shù)千的、

　　millions of 數(shù)百萬的、 billions of 數(shù)十億的。

　　數(shù)詞 + hundred / thousand / million / billion 幾百、幾千、幾百萬、幾十億

　　25. marry sb 嫁給(某人) get married 和(某人)結(jié)婚

　　26. sell out 賣完 sell – sold – sold

　　27. there be 句型中的 be 動詞用 is 還是 are ，取決于靠近它的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　28.問路方式： Could you tell me (Do you know) how to get to ……?

　　Could you tell me the way to ….?

　　Could you tell me where I can (do sth)..?

　　Could you tell me where …. is ?

　　Could you tell me if there is / are ….. around here ?

　　29. be interested in = take an interest in + n / doing

　　30. 寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事。 1) prefer to do sth rather than do sth

　　2) would rather do sth than do sth 3) prefer doing to doing sth

　　注： (rather) than 后面的動詞形式與前面的并列成分一致。

　　31. look for 尋找 find 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn) find out 查明、弄清楚

　　32. be convenient to do sth 方便做某事

　　33. have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高興 have fun doing sth 做某事很愉快

　　34. a good place to do sth 做某事的好地方

　　35. dress up as …. 打扮成

　　36 when (一般后跟過去時) while (一般后跟進(jìn)行時)

　　37. it’s necessary to do sth 做某事很有必要

　　38. borrow …..from…. 向 …. 借 …. lend sth to sb 借給某人某物 . keep 借并保存一定時間 . 常與一段時間連用。

　　I’ve kept this book for a week. 我已經(jīng)借了這本書一周了

　　39. wonder = want to know 想知道

　　40. trouble 打擾、麻煩

　　have trouble / difficult / problem / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困難

　　41. in order to …… 為了 ….. In order not to be late ， he rush to the bus stop.

　　42. be supposed to do sth (不)應(yīng)該做某事 ..

　　43. drop by 順便拜訪

　　44. after all 畢竟 撿起，挑選 pick up 指著 point at make a noise 制造噪音 沿著 …. 一直走 ….walk down …

　　45. make 的用法 make + adj make sb do sth

　　(hear ， watch ， see ， have 等用法相同 ) (但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其后加 to

　　My mother made me to work 5 hours. I was made to work 5 hours.

　　46. make mistake 犯錯

　　47. 辨析 except / besides except (除 ….. 之外) Everyone went to the beach except Jim.

　　besides (除 …. 之外，包括在內(nèi)) I have a lot of friends besides Mary.

　　48. find(think) it + adj + to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)、認(rèn)為做某事是 ……

　　49. 不再 ….. not ……any more ( any longer) = no more( no longer)

　　語法專項

　　動詞的分類和時態(tài)

　　1. 動詞短語。

　　1 )動詞 + 介詞 look at ， listen to ， look after ， look for ， wait for ， take after ， depend on ， think of ， hand in ，

　　hear from ， hear of ， study for 等，此類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后。

　　Look at the blackboard. Look after it carefully.

　　2 ) 動詞 + 副詞

　　turn off ， turn on ， turn up ， turn down ， pick up ， set up ， cheer up ， clean up ， work out ， put up ， fix up ， cut up ， give out ， give up ， give away ， put away ， think over ， put off ， use up ， hand out ， mix up ， look up ， eat up 等 . 此類動詞后的賓語是名詞時，放在副詞前后都可，若是代詞， 必須放在中間 .

　　He turn off the light when he left. He picked it up and give it to me.

　�、� 其他動詞短語：

　　get along with ， take pride in ， pay attention to ， make good use of ， be proud of ， keep away from ， be busy with ， be made of ， be good at ， be interested in ， come up with ， be satisfied with

　　2. 非延續(xù)動詞 buy ， lend ， borrow ， die ， begin ， stop ， finish ， arrive ， join ， go ， come 等。不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要用延續(xù)動詞替換。(詳見 現(xiàn)在完成時)

　　3.系動詞 be ， become ， get ， look ， seem ， turn ， sound ， smell ， taste ， feel ， keep

　　4. 助動詞 be ， have ， has ， do ， does ， did ， will ， shall ( 詳見 P54 )

　　Ⅰ.動詞的五種基本形式 ( 詳見 P55 )

　�、�.用法：

　　⑴ 一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　1. 肯定句：主語 +V 原 + 其他。 I usually go to school by bus.

　　主語(三單) +V 三單 She plays tennis once a week.

　　疑問句： - Do+ 主語 +V 原 …… ? Does+ 主語(三單) + V 原 …… ?

　　否定句：主語 +don’t + V 原 . 主語(三單) + doesn’t + V 原 .

　　2 . 用法： ⑴ 表示經(jīng)�；蛄�(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作。

　�、� 表示客觀真理、事實(shí)。 The earth goes around the sun.

　　⑶ 在時間、條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 ( if ， as soon as ， until ， when)

　　If it rains tomorrow ， we won’t go to the park. When I grow up ， I’ll go to Paris.

　　3. 時間狀語： Always ， often ， sometimes ， usually ， on Sunday ， on Monday afternoon ， every day/month/year/week ， in the morning ， once a year ， twice a day ， three times a day 等

　�、� 一般過去時。

　　1 . ⑴ 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I got up late this morning.

　�、� 表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。 When I was in the countryside. I often swam in the river. I used to go fishing.

　　2 . 結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句：主語 + V 過去 + 其他。 We visited the museum last week.

　　My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday.

　　疑問句： Did+ 主語 + V 原 …… ? Did you go shopping with him?

　　Did she cook dinner for her family?

　　否定句：主語 +didn’t+ V 原 …… 。 He didn’t go to see the movie last Sunday.

　　3 . 動詞的規(guī)則變化。

　　4 . 時間狀語： Yesterday ， last night/week/year/month ， last Sunday ， in 1995 ， the other day ， just now ， ago 等

　�、� 一般將來時。

　　1 . 用法。 ① 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： will + V 原

　　肯定句： They will leave for Shanghai next week.

　　否定句： We won’t vi sit him tomorrow.

　　疑問句： Will you go to Shanghai in two weeks?

　　( 注：當(dāng)主語為 I 或 we 時，問句中可用 shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?

　�、� be going to+ V 原 表示計劃、打算做某事。

　　---what are you going to do next Sunday? ---I am going to listen to music.

　　Look at the clouds ， there is going to rain.

　�、郜F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 be +Ving 有時可以表示將來。

　　常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞： go ， come ， leave ， stay ， start ， arrive We’re leaving for London.

　　( 4 )現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

　　1. 構(gòu)成： 肯定句：主語 + is / am / are +ving

　　疑問句： Is /Am /Are + 主語 +ving

　　否定句：主語 + isn’t / am not / aren’t + ving

　　2 . 用法： ①表示正在進(jìn)行的動作 I’m reading book now.

　�、诒硎粳F(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。 They are studying hard this term.

　　3 . 時間狀語 now ， these days ， 當(dāng)句中有 look ， listen ， can’t you see ， can you see 時 Listen! He is singing.

　　(5) 現(xiàn)在完成時

　　1 . already / yet 已經(jīng) already 一般用于肯定，與完成時態(tài)和進(jìn)行時連用，也可以用于疑問句，表驚訝。 I have already finished my work.

　　yet 一般用于否定或疑問句。 Has she gone to school yet ? His parents haven’t been to Paris yet.

　　2 . 現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，常與 for ， since 連用 .

　　現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作才剛結(jié)束，但影響還在。

　　I have lost my pen .( 結(jié)果是我的筆丟失了，我現(xiàn)在沒有鋼筆了 )

　　--have you found your watch yet ? --No ， I haven’t found it yet.

　　I have lived here for 10 years . 我已經(jīng)在這里住了 10 年(可能還會繼續(xù)住下去)

　　3 . 結(jié)構(gòu)： &nb sp; 肯定句：主語 + have / has +V 過分

　　疑問句： Have /Has + 主語 + V 過分

　　否定句：主語 + haven’t / hasn’t + V 過分

　　4 . 時間狀語 yet ， already ， recently ， just ， once ， never ， ever ， so far ， these days. since + 過去的時間點(diǎn) / 過去時態(tài) for + 一段時間 in the last(past) + 一段時間

　　5 . 延續(xù)和非延續(xù)動詞。 在現(xiàn)在完成時中，有些動詞不能與一段時間搭配，所以在與 for ， since 引導(dǎo)的肯定句搭配時，要用其他動詞替代：

　　buy---have borrow---keep die---be dead go/leave/move---be away (from)

　　begin/start---be on fall asleep---be asleep finish/end---be over

　　join---be in/ be a + 名詞 come---be here open---be open close---be closed

　　I’ve left the school for 3 years. ( ) I’ve been away from the school for 3 years. ( )

　　6 . 辨析 have / has been to ， have /has gone to ， have has been in

　　have/ has been to … 曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來 I have been to Paris 3 times.

　　have/has gone to… 去了某地，現(xiàn)在還沒回來，可能還在路上。

　　--where is your father ? --- he has gone to Shanghai .

　　have/has been in… 已經(jīng)在某地(呆了多久)

　　My family have been in Chengdu for 20 years

　　(6) 過去進(jìn)行時

　　1. 結(jié)構(gòu) was / were + doing

　　2 . 用法 ① 表示過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作

　　---what were you doing at 9:30 last night? --- I was watching TV.

　　3 . when 一般接一般過去時 I was doing my homework when my father came home.

　　while 一般接進(jìn)行時 While my mother was cleaning ， I went out. He was playing basketball while she was reading books.

　　( 7 )過去完成時

　　1 . 過去完成時表示過去某個時間以前好或過去某個動作以前，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。(過去的過去)

　　When I got to school ， I realized I had left my backpack at hone. By the time she got to class ， the teacher had started teaching.

　　2 . 結(jié)構(gòu)： had + V 過分

　　3 . 時間狀語 ： by the time + 表示過去的時間狀語從句，主句用過去完成時。

　　By the time we arrived at the shop ， the bus had left.

　　動詞、短語辨析

　　1 . dress ， put on ， wear

　　dress sb / oneself (in) 給某人穿衣。 She dressed her baby in a red skirt.

　　dress up 打扮、裝扮 The girl dressed herself up ant went to the party.

　　Put on (動作)穿上 It’s cold outside ， put on your coat.

　　wear = be in 穿著、戴著 Lily wears T-shirt every day. = Lily is in T-shirt every day.

　　2 . arrive ， get ， reach

　　arrive + at / in + 地點(diǎn) When did you arrive in Chengdu ?

　　get to + 地點(diǎn) How do you get to school ?

　　reach + 地點(diǎn) When she reached the supermarket ， her mother is shopping.

　　3 . die ， dead ， death ， dying

　　die (動詞)死亡 → (過去時) died His friend died 3 years ago.

　　dead ( die 的過去分詞，用于完成時，與 for ， since 搭配)

　　His friend has been dead for 3 years.

　　death (名詞)死亡 His death is the loss (損失) of China.

　　dying 垂死的 The poor man is dying.

　　4 . lose ， forget ， leave

　　lose 丟失、失去

　　forget 忘記 forget to do sth / forget doing sth

　　leave + 地點(diǎn) “ 把某物落在某地)

　　5. 以 must 開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用 must ， 否定回答用 needn’t

　　---Must I finish the work today ? ---No ， you needn’t.

　　---May I come in? ---No ， you musn’t.

　　非謂語動詞

　　一 動詞不定式

　　1 . 結(jié)構(gòu) to + V 原 / not to +V 原

　　2 . 用法 ① 作主語 + V 三單 To speak English is not easy for us.

　　② 作表語 My job is to clean the room.

　�、� 作賓語 He likes to play soccer.

　�、� 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 She asked me not to speak loudly.

　�、� 作定語 Have you got anything to eat ?

　�、� 作狀語 I went to the library to study English. (表目的)

　　注： 作賓語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加介詞。

　　I don’t have enough time to study for the test ， so I have something to worry about.

　　I need a room to live in

　　不定式作賓語： want ， refuse ， wish ， need ， choose ， hope ， agree ， would like ， offer ， expect ， decide ， ask + to do sth

　　I hope to find a good job after graduating from school.

　　不定式作賓補(bǔ)： tell ， a -

　　sk ， want ， allow ， get ， would like ， encourage + sb (not) to do sth

　　My mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing homework.

　　不帶 to 的不定式 : why not + do …? Had better (not) do sth.

　　Would better (not) do… Could/Would/Will you (not) do…..?

　　另外，有些感官動詞和使役動詞也不帶 to:

　　Hear ， see ， watch ， notice ， feel ， let ， make ， have + sb (not) do …. 但變?yōu)楸粍訒r，要加 to

　　The boss made them work the whole day.

　　They were made to work the whole day. (被動)

　　感嘆句

　　(一) what 引導(dǎo)

　　1 . what + a/an + adj + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + 主語 + 謂語 What a beautiful girl she is !

　　2 . what + adj + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語 What sweet water it is !

　　(二) how 引導(dǎo)

　　How +adj / adv + 主語 + 謂語 How interesting the film is !

　　(三)如何判斷用 what 還是 how

　　凡是有 a / an 開頭，多用 what ; 凡是 adj 直接加名詞的，多用 what ;其他一般用 how.

　　狀語從句

　　一.時間狀語從句 when ， while ， as ， before ， after ， since ， until ， as soon as.

　　(1) 當(dāng)主語是一般將來時或祈使句或有情態(tài)動詞時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時， “ 主將從現(xiàn) ” I’ll ring you as soon as I get to school. 我一到學(xué)校就打電話給你。

　　(2) 肯定句： until = till 直到 I’ll wait for you until you come back.

　　否定句： until = before not …. until 直到 …. 才 …… I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 。

　　二.條件狀語從句 if ， as long as (只要) ， unless (除非)

　　主將從現(xiàn) I’ll visit you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. Use your head ， and you’ll find a way.

　　Unless you work hard ， you’ll get a good job. If the traffic lights are green ， you can cross the street.

　　賓語從句

　　一.賓語從句的語態(tài)。

　　賓語從句要用陳述語態(tài)

　　--- Do you know ______ for Shanghai last night? A. what time he leaves B. what time did he leave C. what time he left.

　　二.主句與從句時態(tài)一致。

　　1. 如果主句用現(xiàn)在的某個時態(tài)，賓語從句視實(shí)際情況而定。

　　I wonder if you can help me. 我想知道你是否能幫我。

　　2. 主過 --- 從過

　　He told me that he would take part in English club. 他告訴我他將參加英語俱樂部。

　　He asked me if I used his bike. 他問我是否我用過他的自行車。

　　3 . 如果是客觀事實(shí)，賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Jim told me that the earth is round. Jim 告訴我地球是圓的。

　　三.連接詞

　　1 . that 可省略， that 作主語時不能省。

　　2 . what ， which ， who ， whose ， whom He asked me whose the book is.

　　3 . when ， how ， where ， why Could you tell me where the restaurant is.

　　Do you know how to get to the bank?

　　4 . if / whether 是否

　　以下情況只能用 whether :

　　與 or not 連用 Can you tell me whether we go or not.

　　作介詞后的賓語從句 &nbs p; I’m worried about whether we should study each other ，

　　跟不定式 to do Have you decided whether to go with us.

　　定語從句的用法

　　定語從句中只能使用 that 的情況

　　1. 當(dāng)先行詞為 anything ， everything ， nothing 等不定代詞時，只能使用 “that” 。

　　例： Is there anything that I can do for you?( 我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎? )

　　2. 當(dāng)先行詞為 all ， any ， much ， many 詞時，只能使用 “that” 。

　　例： Tom told her mother all that had happened.( 湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 )

　　3. 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞更高級或被形容詞更高級修飾時，只能使用 “that” 。

　　例： This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. ( 這是我度過的較美好的時光 )

　　4. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能使用 “that” 。例：

　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是先進(jìn)個通過診斷的人。

　　5. 先行詞被 the only ， the very ， the same ， the last 修飾時，只能使用 “that” 。例： This will be the last chance that he can get.( 這將會是他得到的重要機(jī)會。 ) 　 He is the only person that can help you out.( 他是重要能幫你的人。 )

　　6. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能使用 “that” 。

　　例： They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.( 他們談?wù)撍麄冇浀玫挠嘘P(guān)學(xué)校的事和人 )

　　7 當(dāng)主句是以 who ， which 開頭的特殊疑問句或先行詞是 who 時，只能使用 “that” 。

　　例： Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday?( 哪本是你們昨天從圖書館借的書? )

　　注意： ● 指物時，在介詞后只能用 which ，而不能用 that.

　　● 定詞從句修飾代表地點(diǎn)、時間的先行詞時，要看代表先行詞的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是否作謂語動詞的賓語 . 如作動詞的賓語，就要用關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句 . 反之，要用關(guān)系副詞 where (表地點(diǎn))或 when (表時間)，在定語從句中作狀語 .

　　如 :Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the book. I’ve been to the city that you visited last week.

　　被動語態(tài)注意事項 - >● 構(gòu)成

　　被動語態(tài)表明一個被動性動作，它由 “ 助動詞 be +及物動詞的過去分詞 ” 構(gòu)成。 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + pp. 一般過去時 was /were + pp.

　　一般將來時 will be + pp. am/is/are going to be+ pp.

　　情態(tài)動詞 may/ can/ must/ should be + pp.

　　被動語態(tài)否定式為 be not + pp. ，

　　情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)否定式為情態(tài)動詞+ not be + pp..

　　● 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常將主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)橛山樵~ by 引導(dǎo)的賓語;謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) “be + 過去分詞 ” 形式，例如： Everyone likes the interesting film. ( 主動語態(tài) )

　　→ The interesting film is liked by everyone. ( 被動語態(tài) )

　　They used knives to cut things. ( 主動語態(tài) )

　　→ Knives are used to cut things. ( 被動語態(tài) )

　　● 某些動詞可以跟雙賓語如 give 、 pass 、 bring 、 write ; buy 、 make 等，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時如果直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，則間接賓語通常由介詞 to 、 for 引出。例如： My sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday.

　　→A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday. 我過生日時收到了姐姐的一塊手表。

　　They have bought us many books. → Many books have been bought for us by them. 很多書都是由他們給我們買的。

　　● 某些動詞 make 、 hear 、 see 、 watch 等在主動語態(tài)中，其賓語補(bǔ)足語要求用不帶 to 的不定式。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常省略的不定式符號 to 必須恢復(fù)。如： He made us clean the classroom after school.→We were made to clean the classroom after school. 我們被迫在放學(xué)后打掃教室。

　　I saw him come into the room. → He was seen to come into the room. 人們看見他進(jìn)了屋子。

　　● 在主動語態(tài)中如果謂語動詞是含有介詞或副詞的短語動詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能丟掉該介詞或副詞。如：

　　They must take good care of the children. → The children must be taken good care of. 孩子們必須小心照看。

　　● 英語中某些動詞如 sell 、 lock 、 draw 、 smell 、 touch 、 feel 、 sounds 、 write 、 be worth doing 、 sth. needs doing 等可以用主動表示被動意義。如： This kind of books sells well. 這種書暢銷。 The door won’t lock. 門鎖不上。

 

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