預(yù)約課程還可獲贈免費的學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)診斷
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動詞短語的被動語態(tài)
take care of照看
→be taken care of
cut down砍倒
→be cut down
laugh at嘲笑
→be laughed at
look after照料
→be looked after
背誦!
被動語態(tài)的動詞短語
以下這些短語本身即是被動語態(tài)的形式,不需再加“by”。
be covered with 用……覆蓋著
be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
be known to 出名
be interested in 對……感興趣
be made of(from) 用……制造的
主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況
學(xué)了被動語態(tài),有些同學(xué)認為主動句和被動句可以隨便換用,沒什么差別,這是一個錯覺,在一般情況下主動句比被動句用得多。同時,要注意有些情況下是不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的。
動詞的變化
動詞通常有下述的五種變化形態(tài),以use 為例:
原形→ use
第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式→ uses
過去式→ used
過去分詞→ used
現(xiàn)在分詞→ using
1.當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時
The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.
那個人自我介紹說他是帕克。
I found myself in the park.
我不知不覺地來到公園里。
2.當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時
Does the pair of new shoes suit you?
那雙新鞋你穿著合適嗎?
We will have a meeting.
↓
(×)A meeting will be had.
(○)A meeting will be held.
被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
“be +過去分詞”可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu),也可能是被動語態(tài),其主要區(qū)別是:被動語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。
The letter was written yesterday.(動作)
信是昨天寫的。
The letter is written in English.(狀態(tài))
這信是用英文寫的。
The store is closed at five.(動作)
這個商店五點鐘關(guān)門。
The store is closed today.(狀態(tài))
這個商店今天不開門。
注意
為了明確地表示該被動語態(tài)是表示動作的,可用get來代替be動詞。
My bike got(代替was)stolen.
我的自行車被偷了。
(廣州06) As usual, Meihua ________ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.
A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up
(06) We should water the young trees every two days.
The young trees should be watered by us every two days.
2、 含有介詞的短語動詞的被動用法;
(廣州05) A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It ______ while we were on holiday.
A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of
孩子易錯點
典型錯題一: (01廣州市中功課)
The man who lived alone on the island thought he ____ never be ______.
A. will, find B. would, be found C. is, found D. had, been found
原因分析:孩子受thought的影響,認為"沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)"是在賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,因此時態(tài)應(yīng)該為過去完成時態(tài)D,但是此題應(yīng)該是一個對于語境的考查題,the man過去獨自一人居住在島上,因此"過去的過去"沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)是事實,但是句中never的隱含著"永遠不"的意思,語義上更傾向于"過去的將來",故而答案應(yīng)該為B。
典型錯題二:(02廣州市中功課)
Don't worry. All the children _______ by the nurses.
A. are well taken care of B. take good care of
C. are taken good care D. take good care
原因分析:孩子想當(dāng)然地認為短語take care of 中可以用形容詞good修飾名詞care的情況是先進正確的形式,沒有意識到在動詞+介詞/ 副詞結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞或副詞是不可以隨意丟棄的,再者,短語take care of本身可以看作一個動詞結(jié)構(gòu),副詞well修飾動詞的用法也是正確的。因此答案只能是A。
典型錯題三:
Can you tell me whom the play _____ in 2003?
A. is written B. was written C. is written by D. was written by
原因分析:孩子看到了四個選項就已經(jīng)很明確地知道了考查被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),接著看到題干中的in 2003就已經(jīng)樂開了,而忽視了題干中whom的存在,誤選了答案B。正確答案為D。
典型錯題四:區(qū)別本身只具有主動意義的詞(近五年未出現(xiàn)在廣州市中診斷題中);
Can you tell me ___________?
A. when did it happen B. when it happened
C. when was it happened D. when it was happened
原因分析:孩子誤以為happen是及物動詞而選擇D,正確答案為B。
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預(yù)約課程還可獲贈免費的學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)診斷