2021上海中考英語：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)將來完成時(shí)

　　初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)將來完成時(shí)

　　一、將來完成的構(gòu)成
　　將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成方法是“will have+過去分詞”。如：
　　Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured.希望3年大孩子活之后我能變成熟。
　　Only five short years later,your money will have grown by$94,000.僅短短5年時(shí)間后，你的錢就會(huì)增多94,000美元。
　　He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday.他會(huì)為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。

　　二、將來完成的用法
　　1.表示“將來完成”
　　即表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作。如：
　　When we get there,she’ll have gone to work.我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已上班去了。
　　I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。
　　2.表示“持續(xù)”
　　即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時(shí)間。如：
　　We will have been married a year on June 25th.到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了。
　　By this time next week,I will have been working for this company for 24 years.到下星期此刻，我就已經(jīng)為該公司干了24年了。
　　3.表示“推測(cè)
　　即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測(cè)。如：
　　That will have been Roland.He said he’d be back at 7.準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點(diǎn)鐘回來。
　　There will have been a definite result before Friday.星期五以前肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。

　  三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與將來完成的區(qū)別
　　1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“現(xiàn)在”以前完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“現(xiàn)在”的狀態(tài);
　　2.過去完成時(shí)則以過去時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“過去”某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“過去”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài);
　　3.將來完成時(shí)則以將來時(shí)間為參照點(diǎn)，表示在“將來”某一時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到“將來”某一時(shí)間的狀態(tài)。
　　請(qǐng)看例句：
　　He has finished writing his novel.他已寫完了他的小說。
　　He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year.去年年底他就寫完他的小說。
　　He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.到明年年底他就會(huì)寫完他的小說了。
　　與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)一樣，在表示時(shí)間或者條件的狀語從句，通常要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表示將來完成時(shí)，而不能直接使用將來完成時(shí)：
　　I will go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作之后我就同你去。
　　若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(且不至于引起歧義)，有時(shí)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
　　I will go with you when I finish my work.我完成工作后就同你去。

　　四、將來完成通常搭配的狀語
　　1.用作狀語的介詞短語
　　There will have been a definite result before Friday.星期五以前將肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。
　　By next Christmas we’ll have been here for eight years.到下一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)，我們?cè)谶@兒就住了整8年了。
　　By now you will have guessed that I’m back in Ireland.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)猜出我回到了愛爾蘭了。
　　By the end of next week,I will have been a teacher for 25 years.到下周末，我當(dāng)老師就有25年了。
　　We’d better wait till 14 December.David will have had his exam by then,so he’ll be able to enjoy himself.我們較好還是等到12月14日。到那時(shí)大衛(wèi)就考完試了，這樣他就能夠玩得痛快。
　　2.用作狀語的從句
　　If I don’t run,the train will have left.(www.yygrammar.com)如果我不跑，火車就會(huì)開走了。
　　If he turns it down,he will have lost the moral high ground to the president.如果他拒絕的話，就會(huì)把精神上的優(yōu)勢(shì)輸給總裁。
　　If you finish this job as well,you will have done far more than I expected.假如你將這項(xiàng)工作干完的話，那你會(huì)干得比我預(yù)料的要多了。
　　If there was any scandal in that company,you can be sure that Bobby will have clocked it.那家公司有任何丑聞，博比肯定會(huì)知道。