2020初中英語知識點復習:關系代詞
關系代詞指的是代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分。關系代詞有主格、賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。關系代詞用來引導定語從句。
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語
The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語
The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語
Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?br />
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。
(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:
a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞更高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞更高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是先進個通過診斷的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎
c.先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰
f.主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況:
a.先行詞為that,those時,用which,而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么
b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tom came back,which made us happy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。