2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(25)

3、介詞短語(yǔ)的句法作用：

介詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：The man came <down the stairs>.(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來(lái))/The woman <with a flower on her head> is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和孩子在一起)

4、介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置：

介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾；介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后；介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai  the next year.(狀語(yǔ))(他想來(lái)年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們?cè)诜块g里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語(yǔ))(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語(yǔ))(你看見(jiàn)一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)

5、重要注釋：

⑴this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ),前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國(guó)外的游客來(lái)游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)

⑵for有時(shí)用來(lái)引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),常翻譯成“對(duì)于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住)

⑶of有時(shí)用來(lái)表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)

⑷介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語(yǔ)分離,而且賓語(yǔ)前置。

(1) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)。Who are you talking about?(你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)？)

(2) 賓語(yǔ)在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有     一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。)/ Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？)

(3) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我較終找到了一張椅子坐。)

 (5) 記住一些固定詞組：arrive at/in(到達(dá)…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿….),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿….),be good/bad for(對(duì)…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于…/到…末為止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的幫助下),look after(照料…),look for(尋找…),on a bike(=by bike)騎車,help sb. with(幫某人做…),get on (well) with(與某人相處[融洽]),等等。