2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(39)

④動(dòng)名詞可以作表語(yǔ),此時(shí)特別注意不要與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。如：My job is putting these parts  together.(我的事情是把這些部件拼起來(lái)) /I am putting these parts together.(我正在把這些部件拼起來(lái))

⑤動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成相同,但是含義不同,動(dòng)名詞主要表示事情,而現(xiàn)在分詞則主要表示進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。如：Eating too muchis not good for your health. (動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)) / Seeing is believing.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),分別作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)) / He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作定語(yǔ)) / His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓補(bǔ))

(4)分詞：包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。(高中學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn))

①主要區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的意思；過(guò)去分詞有被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成的意思。分詞可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

②分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)在句子中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。

[A]作定語(yǔ)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要放在修飾的名詞之前,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則要放在所修飾的名詞之后。如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟著小偷追的婦女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)名叫布萊克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只給了我一個(gè)壞玻璃杯,所以我很生他的氣)

[B] 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作下列動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(參考不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

  如：Mum kept me working all the week.(媽媽讓我一個(gè)星期都在工作)/ When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有個(gè)冷的東西在我的腳上移動(dòng))

[C] 現(xiàn)在分詞可以作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走進(jìn)教室,手上抓著一沓紙)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(這些日子我正忙著準(zhǔn)備即將來(lái)到的口語(yǔ)診斷)

[D] 過(guò)去分詞可以作表語(yǔ),放在連系動(dòng)詞后面,但要注意不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混淆,“主系表”主要表示狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。常用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：be worried (焦慮) / be pleased (高興) / be tired (疲勞) / get dressed (打扮好) /get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) /beome frustrated (沮喪) / become intereted in (對(duì)…感興趣)等等。例略。

[E] 過(guò)去分詞可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I had my haircut this morning.(今天早上我讓人給我理了發(fā))(注意：have sth. done表示動(dòng)作由別人來(lái)做,而have done sth.則為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu),兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不可以混淆)