2015初中英語語法大全(38)

⑦動詞不定式可以在句子中用作表語,限用于連系動詞之后。如：My job is to keep the goal.(我的工作就是守住球門)

⑧動詞不定式可以在句子中用作復(fù)合賓語中的賓語補足語。

 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(媽媽叫我?guī)椭�她做�?/ I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你見見我的父母)/ The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常讓工人們一天工作14小時)/ Now let me hear you play the violin.(現(xiàn)在讓我來聽你拉小提琴)

 [注意]help之后做賓補的不定式符號to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時,含義不同,需特別注意,(參見現(xiàn)在分詞部分)。試比較：

  I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路過時聽到她正在哭)(指當(dāng)時瞬間的情況)

  I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌)(指整個過程)

 (3)動名詞

① 動名詞由動詞原形加詞尾“ing”構(gòu)成。動名詞有動詞的特征,可以跟賓語,可以被狀語修飾；它也有名詞的特征,在句子中可以作主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語)等。動名詞加相關(guān)詞語(賓語或狀語等)構(gòu)成動名詞短語。

② 動名詞可以作主語。一般可用it作形式主語而將動名詞短語后移。如：Learning English all by yourself is not so easy.(自學(xué)好英語不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by yourself.)

③ 動名詞可以作賓語。

[A] want / need之后用動名詞時,含有被動意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的車急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理發(fā)。)(頭發(fā)被理)

[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動名詞時,與用不定式含義不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫封信)(根本沒寫) /I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫過信)(寫了卻忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他們停下來向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他們停止向后看)(不向后看了)

[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞一般用動名詞作賓語。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把門關(guān)上你介意嗎？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她討厭坐飛機旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他們每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上轉(zhuǎn)悠)

[D]like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動名詞時,與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我們在小學(xué)時就開始學(xué)英語了)/ We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我們在小學(xué)時就開始學(xué)英語了)