2015初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全(33)

(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

①  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

② 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹(shù)上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我較近在寫一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō))

③  表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就來(lái))/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)

④  表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)

 (5)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

①  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(先進(jìn)、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

②  過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具)

③  用于賓語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。句子中通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過(guò)時(shí)看到事情的發(fā)生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們?cè)诤诎档纳�林里走時(shí)唱了很多歌)

④  也可以表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時(shí)老向我借錢)

(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的、對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,或表示開(kāi)始在過(guò)去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。

①在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

②表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有看過(guò)這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛?cè)ビ��?guó))