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中考英語難點語法詳解:短語動詞和句型

2016-10-27 09:30:07  來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理


  

  動詞,把他們加以歸納總結(jié),進行重點復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。


  1. 短語動詞的分類


  (1)動詞+介詞


  常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如:


  Don’t laugh at others.


  Tom asked his parents for a bike.


  (2)動詞+副詞


  常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:


  You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.


  Please don’t forget to hand it in.


  (3)動詞+副詞+介詞


  常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:


  Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.


  After a short rest, he went on with his research work.


  (4)動詞+名詞+介詞


  常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:


  You should pay attention to your handwriting.


  We should make full use of our time.


  (5)動詞+形容詞


  常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:


  The prisoners were set free.


  He cut it open.


  (6)動詞+名詞


  常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:


  This story took place three years ago.


  I make friends with a lot of people.


  2. 短語動詞的辨析


  (1)be made in(在……生產(chǎn)或制造),be made of(由……組成或構(gòu)成)


  (2)come down(下來;落),come along(來;隨同),come to oneself(蘇醒),come true(實現(xiàn)),come out(花開;發(fā)芽;出現(xiàn);出來),come over(過來;順便來訪),come in(進來),come on(來吧;跟著來;趕快), come up with(找到;提出)


  (3)do one’s best(盡較大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做功課),do some reading(閱讀)


  (4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在……后面),fall off(從……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)


  (5)get down(下來;落下),get on(上車),get to(到達),get up(起床),get back(回來;取回),get off(下來),get on well with(與……相處融洽),get married(結(jié)婚),get together(相聚)


  (6)give up(放棄),give…a hand(給與……幫助),give a concert(開音樂會)


  (7)go back(回去),go on(繼續(xù)),go home(回家),go to bed(睡覺),go over(過一遍;仔細檢查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走錯路),go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事),go shopping(買東西),go boating(去劃船), go fishing(去釣魚),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿著……一直往前走)


  (8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(進行體育活動), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(過得愉快), have a headache(頭痛),have a try(嘗試;努力)


  (9)look for(尋找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔細檢查),look up(向上看;抬頭看),look after(照顧; 照看),look at(看; 觀看),look like(看起來像),look the same(看起來像),


  (10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打電話),make money(賺錢),make the bed(整理床鋪),make a noise(吵鬧),make a faces(做鬼臉),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(給……騰出地方),make a decision(做出決定),make a mistake(犯錯誤),make up one’s mind(下決心)


  (11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(掛起;舉起),put down(把某物放下來),put away(把某物收起來), put off(推遲)


  (12)take off(脫掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花費時間),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(積極參加),take care of(照顧;照料;注意),take exercise(做運動),take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的職務(wù)),take turn(輪流)

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