新概念英語第二冊語法點(diǎn)歸納：非謂語動(dòng)詞(2)

　　【分詞】

　　1．分詞的性質(zhì)：

　　具有形容詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中擔(dān)任表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，或動(dòng)作已完成。

　　2．分詞的形式：

　　例： write (vt) rise (vi)

　　主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng) 過去分詞

　　時(shí)態(tài)

　　現(xiàn)在時(shí) writing being written rising risen

　　完成時(shí) having written having been written having risen

　　3．用法：

　�。�1）定語 分詞置于被修飾名詞前

　　分詞短語于置于被修飾名詞后

　　a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping

　　a running dog = a dog which is running

　　a broken glass = a glass which is broken

　　a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的意思）

　　This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.

　　The problem being discussed is very important.

　�。�2）表語：

　　The book is interesting.

　　He is interested in the book.

　　The news is exciting.

　　He feels excited.

　�。�3）賓語補(bǔ)足語：

　　When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.

　　I'd like to have this package weighed.

　　掌握精髓：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語表示動(dòng)作的全過程，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。

　�。�4）狀語：（以下例句值得一背�。�

　�、� If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.

　　→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.

　�、� As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.

　　→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.

　�、� While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

　　→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.

　　④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

　　→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.

　　你知道嗎？注意：在運(yùn)用此類句型時(shí)主語前后要保持一致。

　�、� When school was over, the boys went home.

　　→ Being over, the boys went home. ×

　　School being over, the boys went home. √

　　② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.

　　→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.

　�、� If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

　　→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

　　4．分詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與主句謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。

　　Entering the room, he saw he. （幾乎同時(shí)）

　　Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動(dòng)作在前）

　　5．語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)被動(dòng)表動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行，完成時(shí)被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先被完成。

　　The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.

　　Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而后駛向港口）

　　【診斷精編】

　　1.The ________ news made them ________.

　　A. excite / exciting B. exciting / excited

　　C. exciting / to be excited D. excited / excited

　　2. ________ an answer from the committee, he was worried.

　　A. Having not got B. Getting not

　　C. Not having got D. Having not been got

　　3. ________, all the quarrels came to an end.

　　A. The lost money was found B. Was the lost money found

　　C. Because the lost money found D. With the lost money found

　　4. Many of our dreams ________ impossible in the past have come true.

　　A. were considered B. to be considered

　　C. considering D. considered

　　5. The hall was so noisy for the speaker to make himself ________.

　　A. hear B. being heard C. hearing D. heard

　　6. After a whole day's heavy work, the old worker returned home, ________.

　　A. hungry and exhausted B. hungry and exhausting

　　C. hungry and being exhausted D. hungry and exhaust

　　KEYS

　　1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. A