【中考英語語法】初中英語中都有什么時態(tài)？(5)

　　四：時態(tài)一致

　　時態(tài)一致是英語四、六級診斷的一個重要內(nèi)容。通常應(yīng)由主句謂語的時態(tài)決定從句的謂語時態(tài)。一般原則是：

　　1、當(dāng)主句謂語使用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)�來時，從句的謂語根據(jù)具體情況使用任何時態(tài)

　　he says that he lives in wuhan.

　　we hope that there will be many people at your party today.

　　“did you hear that bill finally sold the house?” “yes, but i don’t know who bought it.”

　　“there’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

　　“there certainly is. do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

　　2、當(dāng)主句謂語使用過去時的時候，從句的謂語必須使用過去范圍的時態(tài)

　　he said he was writing a novel.

　　the teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

　　he said his father had been an engineer.

　　3、當(dāng)從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時，從句的謂語應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

　　the teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

　　注：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態(tài)，從句謂語也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況

　　利用時態(tài)一致原則確定從句動詞時態(tài)時，還應(yīng)注意，若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞，從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣，不能遵循時態(tài)一致原則。例如：

　　we insisted that we do it ourselves.

　　動詞的語態(tài)

　　語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。

　　1)we use electricity to run machines. (主動語態(tài))

　　2)electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態(tài))

　　1. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和短語

　　(1)在英語中，不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

　　(2)某些表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態(tài)。

　　2. 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)形式

　　常用的被動語態(tài)有表1 所列的幾種時態(tài)形式。

　　表1

　　時間 一般時 進(jìn)行時 完成時

　　現(xiàn)在 am asked am being asked

　　is asked is being asked

　　are asked are being asked

　　過去

　　was be asked was being asked

　　were be asked were being asked

　　將來 shall be asked shall have been asked

　　will be asked will have been asked

　　過去 should be asked should have been asked

　　將來 would be asked would have been asked