英語(yǔ) 作文寫作技巧

2008-03-11 13:16:55 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)

短文寫作的成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定首先看內(nèi)容是否切題，是否符合題意的要求，然后看語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是否清楚、連貫、正確。作文的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：符合題意要求，內(nèi)容全面；表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。

1. 內(nèi)容切題

內(nèi)容切題是命題作文的基本要求，考生可從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

先進(jìn)要認(rèn)真審題。根據(jù)題目類別，弄清文體的要求，并判明文章的種類（議論文、說明文、記敘文），同時(shí)確定文章要闡明的主題或要表達(dá)的中心思想，若題目已經(jīng)提供了提綱，還要注意弄清各提綱要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系�？忌谀玫阶魑念}后，切勿惟恐時(shí)間不夠，提筆就寫。一旦跑題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了再改就來(lái)不及了，常言道：“磨刀不誤砍柴工”。

第二要注意設(shè)計(jì)安排段落。根據(jù)文章的中心思想，確定各個(gè)段落的主題內(nèi)容和主題句。如果是議論文，一般要從論點(diǎn)的正反兩個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮，首先是某觀點(diǎn)的合理成分或某物的長(zhǎng)處，然后是該觀點(diǎn)的不合理成分或該物的短處，較后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)。如果題目提供了提綱，只要把提綱擴(kuò)展成主題句即可。

第三要避免將記憶里較熟悉的句子生拉硬扯地搬進(jìn)作文，使作文結(jié)構(gòu)松散，意思不明確，甚至?xí)x主題。

2. 表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫

文章要做到表達(dá)清楚，文字連貫，文章各段落就必須根據(jù)提綱所確立的不同主題來(lái)展開，而且各段落的主題句要將段落的各個(gè)部分凝聚在一起，流利地表達(dá)段落大意，使段落中各部分以及段落之間的聯(lián)系一目了然。下面，我們來(lái)看一篇99年CET-4診斷范文：

Reading Selectively Or Extensively

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.

Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published every day. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books, and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.

But others may not agree. They emphasize that today’s society is not what it used to be. If you want to be successful, you must read widely and acquire knowledge in both natural sciences and humanities. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in others, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.

Who’s right? There is a lot to be said for both sides of the argument. However, I think we should read extensively first and then learn deeply about the subject we are interested in.

在上面的作文中，考生采用了明確的主題句，各段落都緊緊圍繞主題句寫作而成。文章上下文銜接緊湊、連貫，例如第二段開頭用Some people think…，第三段開頭用Others may not agree…，而較后一段用一個(gè)問句Who’s right?作為連接，都顯得相當(dāng)自然。另外，英語(yǔ)中常見的一些連接手段，如what’s more, and, since, but, one (field)…others, however, first, then等，也都用的很恰當(dāng)。

3. 句式有變化

有些考生對(duì)寫作沒信心，不敢大膽地使用所掌握的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，包括英語(yǔ)句法知識(shí)，結(jié)果整篇文章都是以主、謂、賓句式為主的簡(jiǎn)單句子，文章顯得刻板無(wú)生氣。實(shí)際上，同漢語(yǔ)一樣，英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)也是豐富多彩，變化多樣的。閱讀下面的段落，注意句式的變化：

Clearly our schools and society face the same problems. It has become necessary for all people, not just educators, to be more aware of the problems. Although some intervention programs have been implemented and in some cases are very successful, it is becoming more obvious that these problems are going to continue and will have a direct consequence on our future in this country. Unfortunately, we as a society tend to look for the “quick fix” to our problems without realizing the consequences for the future. Our society needs to understand that the schools are not responsible for the cause of these problems or the solutions, but rather, all aspects of society, including schools, are involved and need to collectively work together if we are ever to make progress toward resolving these problems in the long run.

在這一段落中既有長(zhǎng)短句子的交插運(yùn)用，又有語(yǔ)序的變化，既有簡(jiǎn)單句又有復(fù)合句，不失為在句式變化方面的一個(gè)典范。

4. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確

要在寫作中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯，使用正確的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，首先要勤學(xué)多練，背記常用詞和短語(yǔ)，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，拓展知識(shí)面。要深刻理解所背詞語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在含義，并了解它們所使用的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。為了準(zhǔn)備診斷，要熟記一些常用的過渡詞和英語(yǔ)句型，切忌自己編造漢語(yǔ)式的句子和詞組。盡量使用學(xué)習(xí)過的、比較熟悉的、有把握的句式和詞匯。[!--empirenews.page--]

In the world, millions of people believe that some things can bring good luck for them. They make their spirit to depend on these things. We say they have a religion.

Some of these people have a strange religion. They believe in “Luck number”, they believe luck number would bring good luck. When they do sth. with relation to numbers, they usually choose the number they believe.

In fact, many people said that they don’t believe it, but most of them can tell a number they like. Many people like the number 8 or 6 in China. They believe 8 can make them succeded in business and make them uhealth. They also believe six bring the good luck, and things is smooth without a hitch. In fact, many people couldn’t explain why the number can bring good luck and How he know just the number is his luck number. Sometimes, people decide one things depended on their feeling, because they usually couldn’t know whole the thing. Maybe, One day, Sb. Can tell the reason and truth.

這是一篇得8分的試題，內(nèi)容切題，并有所發(fā)揮，但有些地方的表達(dá)不夠清楚；結(jié)構(gòu)還算符合要求，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，但是語(yǔ)言方面的錯(cuò)誤多，尤其是在主謂搭配、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性、語(yǔ)序等方面。此外有的拼寫也不規(guī)范，如：sb, sth。畫線部分可作以下修改：

to depend → depend

They believe in “ Luck number”, they → They believe in “ lucky numbers ”, so they

sth. → something

said → say

succeded → succeed

uhealth → wealthy

bring the good luck → brings good luck

things is → the things are

How he know → how he knows

people decide one things → people’s decision on one thing

depended → depends

usually couldn’t → couldn’t usually

One day → one day

Sb. Can → someone can

另外，考生還要注意卷面印象分這一問題。卷面要力求整潔，答題紙四周都要留空邊，正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。短文要避免使用令閱卷老師反感的詞句，如“Do you know…? Let me tell you”之類的過分口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)方式。

較后，寫作診斷過程中合理分配時(shí)間，對(duì)提高成績(jī)，穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮起著重要作用。

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