高中英語語法重點難點回顧(4)

關聯(lián)詞只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況如下:

A)在表語從句和同位語從句中。例如：

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

B)在主語從句中,只有用it作形式主語時,whether和if都能引導主語從句,否則,也只能用whether。例如：

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.

It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.

C)在介詞之后。(介詞往往可以省略)例如：

It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

D)后面直接跟動詞不定式時。

He doesn't know whether to stay or not.

E)后面緊接or not 時。

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.

F)引導讓步狀語從句,只能用whether。

Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.

G)用if會引起歧義時。例如：Please let me know if you like it.

該句有兩個意思：“請告訴我你是否喜歡”。

或“如果你喜歡,請告訴我。”用了whether就可以避免。

在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導定語從句：

1)先行詞是不定代詞：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.

2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞更高級所修飾。

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3)先行詞被all,any,every, each, few,little,no,some, 等修飾。

I have read all the book (that) you gave me.

4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。

He is the only person that I want to talk to.

5)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

先行詞是表示地點時,要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。

This is the house where he lived last year.

This is the house that (which) he visited last year.

用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Here it is. Here he comes.

當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。

South of the city lies a big steel factory.

From the valley came a frightening sound.

表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。

Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I.

部分倒裝

用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.

3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.

Try as he would, he might fail again.

如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。

Child as he was, he had to make a living.

用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開頭的句子。

Never shall I do this again.

Little did he know who the woman was.

6.用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

Only in this way can you master English.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。

Only Wang Ling knows this.

用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!

stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,

an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;

papers 報紙, 文件　manners禮貌　drinks飲料

in a word 簡言之?in other words 換句話說

have words with 與某人吵嘴

have a few words (a word) with sb.與某人說幾句話

The crowd were running for their lives．

某些集體名詞, 如people, police, cattle等, 只當復數(shù)看待, 謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。The police are searching for him.