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高二英語學(xué)習(xí)方法:掌握猜詞技巧 閱讀能力
一、定義猜詞法
即根據(jù)定義猜測詞義的方法。需要定義或解釋的單詞或短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中的關(guān)鍵詞,作者為了使讀者正確理解它們,就得做出較淺顯的解釋或說明。
例一:Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck, four legs and orange skin with dark spots.
根據(jù)后面對 Giraffe 的解釋,它的詞義為“長頸鹿”。
例二:Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定義可知 Anthropology 的詞義為“研究人類的科學(xué)”即“人類學(xué)”。
例三:What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.
根據(jù)定義我們知道plagiarism的詞義為“剽竊”。
二、定語從句
定語從句對先行詞起限定、修飾或解釋作用,因此我們可以利用定語從句來推測先行詞的詞義。
例一:Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called Nuvoricans.
Nuvoricans 的詞義可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的兩個定語從句來得到, 即生在紐約,后又回到波多黎各的人。
例二:Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind and body.
根據(jù)定語從句我們可以看出Psychophysiology的意思為“身心聯(lián)系的科學(xué)”,即“心理生理學(xué)”。
三、同位短語或同位語從句
同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也用破折號、分號、引號和括號連接。
例一:According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.
根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)的知識,我們知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位語,由此可知The Lancet是一個雜志的名稱。
例二:Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
兩個逗號中間的短語the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位語,意為“對詞義進行研究的科學(xué)”, 即“語義學(xué)”。
四、對比結(jié)構(gòu)
尋找文中相互對比、相互對照的線索來確定生詞的含義。
在此類文章中,通常會出現(xiàn)一些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的詞語:however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.
例一: A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.為對比關(guān)系,意義相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers為熟練工人。
例二:Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.
通過but我們知道abhor是like的反義詞,意為“厭惡”。
五、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)
它表示意義上的并列或相似關(guān)系。表示并列關(guān)系的詞語為and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.
例一:A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.
分號前后為兩個并列平行的分句,后一句意為“生日聚會可以充滿快樂、樂趣”,我們可以推測hassle意為“混亂”。
例二:First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
baffled 和beaten為并列平行關(guān)系,根據(jù)beaten可以推測出baffled意為“難倒,使受挫,阻礙”之意。
例三:John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.
根據(jù)and和similarly判定短語loves to talk 和loquacious.之間為同義比較,意為“健談的”。
六、因果關(guān)系
它也是推測詞義的一種重要方式。我們可以通過結(jié)果推測原因,亦可通過原因推測結(jié)果。
例句:The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.
根據(jù)原因狀語從句和homesick本身的構(gòu)詞方法,我們推斷它的詞義為“想家的”。
七、舉例法
即通過生詞后面所舉的例子來推斷生詞的含義。
例句:In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.
我們根據(jù)后面所舉的例子,不難推斷出periodicals是“期刊”之意。