高一英語(yǔ)期末考試復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識(shí)點(diǎn)

2017-12-25 14:58:59 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)站整理

高一英語(yǔ)期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識(shí)點(diǎn)！英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)如今已成為了生活中和學(xué)習(xí)中的必須之物，不知道同學(xué)知不知道，國(guó)內(nèi)的公司分外企和內(nèi)企兩種，雖然名字只差一字，但待遇卻完全不同，外企的待遇比內(nèi)企會(huì)豐厚許多，工作條件也很好，但是想進(jìn)入外企工作，能說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)是基本的基本，下面小編為大家分享高一英語(yǔ)期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識(shí)點(diǎn)！

高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

一、如何變?nèi)朔Q; 下面有一句順口溜"一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新"。"一隨主"是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是先進(jìn)人稱或被先進(jìn)人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. "二隨賓"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱�；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用先進(jìn)人稱，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 "第三人稱不更新"是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則保留原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如： 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。 ①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 ④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由"現(xiàn)在"改為"原來(lái)"（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday。變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由"此"改為"彼"（例：this 改為that),如： He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his. 四、如何變句型： ①直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. ④直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： "Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以"Let's"開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用"suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）。"如： He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如： John said, "I'm going to London with my father." 約翰說(shuō)："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)） John said that he was going to London with his father. 約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，分以下情況：

1．直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（口語(yǔ)中that可以省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than him.

2.直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)為陳述語(yǔ)序：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say 改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1）一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?" →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven't you?" →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2）選擇疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閣hether....or 賓語(yǔ)從句。 I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛稍瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（don't 變?yōu)閚ot ）. The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , "Don't leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.[注意]（1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如： He said, "Let's go to the theatre." →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. →He asked me to open the window. "Why don't you take a walk after supper?" he asked . →he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. →He suggested listening to the music.

4.直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。 She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

5．如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí) （2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) （3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) （4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) （5）一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) （6）過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí)

[注意]（1）如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2）如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如： He said to me, "I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl." →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如： He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could, might, should, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如： The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , "I could swim when I was only six ." →He said that he could swim when he was only six.

6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞 this ---that these--- those 表示時(shí)間的詞 now --- then today--- that day this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) yesterday ----the day before last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before tomorrow ----the next (following ) day next week(month)--the next(following)week(month) 表地點(diǎn)的詞 here --there 動(dòng)詞 bring -- takecome -goUnit3�，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái) 當(dāng)句子涉及確切的計(jì)劃、明確的意圖和為將來(lái)安排好的活動(dòng)時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示將來(lái)。

1) come, go, stay, arrive, leave 等詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示將來(lái)確切的計(jì)劃。

2) 表示交通方式、行程安排的動(dòng)詞，例如 fly, walk, ride, drive, take (a bus, a taxi)等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也經(jīng)常用于表示將來(lái)（注意: 英語(yǔ)中一些表 "狀態(tài)和感官"的動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)【見(jiàn)下表】）用法和單詞例句表存在或位置: be, lie, stand Japan lies to the east of China. 表所屬: have, own, possess, belong to, fit, suit Taiwan belongs to China. Who owns this land? 表知覺(jué): see, hear, smell, taste, sound, look, feel, seem, appear I smell the dinner cooking. He seems quite happy. 表認(rèn)識(shí)、信仰、意見(jiàn)、懷疑、猜測(cè)、希望: know, think, understand, doubt, suppose, hope, wish He doubts whether you will find your lost pen again. 表喜歡、反對(duì)、仇恨、厭惡: love, like, prefer, mind, hate, want, dislike, envy We love our motherland deeply. They envy her good fortune.

注意：另外,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),還可用以下幾種形式:

① will / shall＋動(dòng)詞原形例： I shall be seventeen years old next month.

② be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形:表示即將發(fā)生的或較近打算進(jìn)行的事。例；We are going to have a meeting today.

③ be to＋動(dòng)詞原形:表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例：Are we to go on with this work?

④ be about to＋動(dòng)詞原形,表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例；I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so. 我正要去游泳, 這時(shí)向?qū)Т舐暯形也灰ァ?/span>

⑤ be ＋動(dòng)詞的ing形式：表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事, 含義是 "預(yù)定要......" 這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用趨向動(dòng)詞 go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay , return 和 play, do, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet等。　　例：--- When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去度假? 　　--- My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30. 我乘坐的飛機(jī)將于9:20分起飛, 所以我必須在8:30之前趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)。

⑥ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí) (1) 按規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的未來(lái)動(dòng)作,僅于動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等動(dòng)詞. (2) 用在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例：If you do that again, I'll hit you. (3) 用在I bet 和I hope后面, 常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。例 I bet you don't get up before ten tomorrow. 例： The plane takes off at 10:10. That is, it's leaving in ten minutes.

⑦ 單純敘述未來(lái)的事實(shí),可以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),也可表示按計(jì)劃安排將來(lái)要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。

　高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末診斷復(fù)習(xí)資料與知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

定語(yǔ)從句

1. 定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解 2. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的使用 3. 定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)

知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納（一）定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子（做這個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)）叫定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，它與定語(yǔ) 從句之間要有一個(gè)詞連接，這個(gè)詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句。

1. Thereshesaw a wall of water that was quicklyadvancing towards her.

2. In Japan, someone who sees anotherperson making thegesture will thinkit means money.

3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a commontheme.

4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the riversandcoastal waters ofAsia.

5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do thethings they have seen theirheroes doin themovie.

6. OprahWinfrey is ablack woman whose rise tofame is an inspiring story.

（二）定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說(shuō)明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

1. Beforeshecould move, sheheard aloud noise,which grewtoa terrible roar.

2. Treeafter tree went down, cutdown bythe water, which must havebeen three meters deep.

3. Flora,whose beautifulhair anddress were all cold andwet, startedcrying.

4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.

（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用 which 或 whom.

1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of thecompany.

2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten bythe shark.

知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

（一）當(dāng)先行詞有更高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是 all,no, only等形式時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用 which。

1. The Titanic was the largest shipthat hadeverbeen built atthattime.

2. Thereis onething that keeps worrying me.

（二）當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因的詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 when, where, why 還有which, that

1. I'mveryglad toreturn tomy hometown where I hadlived for10 years.

2. This is my hometown which Iused totalk about toyou.

3. Ithink Ican understand thereason why hedidn't tellthe truth tome.

4. No one believes thereason that he gaveus abouthis absence at themeeting.

（三）定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)：

1. The man who is sitting onthe platformis a professorfromWuhanUniversity.

2. The letter thatwas mailed lastnight will reach himtomorrow.

3. The questionthat is beingdiscussed is veryimportant.

4. Youarewelcome toa partytobe givenin ourclass at7:45.

說(shuō)明：以上的定語(yǔ)從句部分可以用更加簡(jiǎn)單的非謂語(yǔ)形式表達(dá)出來(lái)：

1. The man sittingon theplatformis a professorfromWuhan University.

2. The letter mailed lastnight will reach himtomorrow.

3. The questionbeing discussedis veryimportant.

4. Youarewelcome toa partytobe givenin ourclass at7:45.

說(shuō)明：修飾一個(gè)名詞除了后面用定語(yǔ)從句以外，還可以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：doing短語(yǔ)，done短語(yǔ)， beingdone短語(yǔ)，tobe done短語(yǔ)修飾。

其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：

1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語(yǔ)：正在做....的人/正在發(fā)生的事。

2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語(yǔ)：被.....的人/事

3. 被修飾名詞+beingdone短語(yǔ)：正在被.....的人/事

4. 被修飾名詞+ tobe done短語(yǔ)：將要被.....的人/事

（1）Do youknow theman talkingto my sister? （2）The "crazy"gesture, moving the indexfinger in acircle in front of the ear,means "youhave a phone call"in Brazil. （3）Did yousee that carbeingrepaired ? （4）In a camera,the lensmust befocused onthe objectto bephotographed. （5）The students toattend themeeting will arrive heretomorrow. （6）Goods importedfromabroad arenotalways betterthan thosemade inChina. （7）The Yellow River,said tobe "themotherriver"runs across China like a huge dragon.

總結(jié)：以上做定語(yǔ)的那些短語(yǔ)就是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中所說(shuō)的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語(yǔ)。

1. 這些短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨(dú)一個(gè)V-ing或 V-ed形式作定語(yǔ)，則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

2. 分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作應(yīng)與全句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動(dòng)意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動(dòng)意義。 beingdone表示正在被做的

3. 不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的，tobe done表示將要被做的

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