高考考前語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺

2018-11-17 16:13:23 　來(lái)源：學(xué)科網(wǎng)

　　高考考前語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺現(xiàn)在離2019年高考越來(lái)越近了。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)的怎么樣了？英語(yǔ)診斷萬(wàn)變不離其宗，同學(xué)們掌握好知識(shí)點(diǎn)，掌握好一些解題方法，診斷就能取得好成績(jī)。下面愛(ài)智康高中部老師給大家整理了高考考前語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有幫助！

 

 

　　高考考前語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺

　　(一)語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)代詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺

　　代詞

　　1、作表語(yǔ)常用賓格，在獨(dú)詞句中用賓格。

　　a.—Who is knocking at the door?——It’s me

　　b. He is a student in this school. And me, too.

　　2、it 指無(wú)生命的事物、嬰兒、以及who、someone等不名身份的人。

　　eg: a. —Who is outside? —It is me

　　b. Someone has entered the house. It must be a thief

　　c. The baby is very lowly. It was born half a year ago.

　　3、反身代詞可用作①賓語(yǔ)②表語(yǔ)(表示“健康”的含義)③同位語(yǔ)(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，可以放在主語(yǔ)后面，或后置; 如果作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)后面)

　　eg: a. Mr Black can’t express himself in Chinese. b. I am not quite myself today.

　　c. She herself opened the door. She opened the door herself.

　　d. You’d better ask Mr Smith himself about it.

　　4、指示代詞this, that用于電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中。

　　—Who’s that (speaking)?

　　—It/This is Tom (speaking)?

　　5、this/that 修飾adj/adv. 表示“這么”“那么”的含義,相當(dāng)于so 。

　　a. Oh, the girl is not that foolish. b. I can only promise you this much.

　　c. We didn’t expect that the weather in Tongren was that hot.

　　6、it、that、those、one、the ones的指代區(qū)別。

　　1)it指上文提到的同一事物或整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

　　a. “Do you want the watch?”“Yes , I want it.”

　　b. He warned his son not to play computer games again, but it didn’t help.

　　2)that常用來(lái)指代同名異物的不可數(shù)名詞

　　a. The population of China is much larger than that of any other country in the world.

　　b. The weather in Kaili is much better than that in shanghai.

　　3)those或the ones 用來(lái)指代上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

　　a. Watches made in China are just as good as those/ the ones made in Switzerland.

　　b. The books are better than those you bought yesterday.

　　4) one指代同名異物的某個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，如果特指就用the one.

　　a. I want to buy a Mp3. Do you need one?

　　b. Here are enough apples . Each of you can get one.

　　c. I don’t like this dictionary. I prefer the one on the shelf.

　　7、both、either、neither的用法

　　a. Both of them are right (主語(yǔ))

　　Both the brothers/ Both of the brothers are at college.(定語(yǔ))

　　b. Neither of the answers is / are correct.(主語(yǔ))

　　Neither seat is taken .(定語(yǔ))

　　c. You can take either of the dictionaries.(賓語(yǔ))

　　Flowers are planted on either side of the street.(定語(yǔ))

　　8、none、all 的用法

　　a. All has been done.(作主語(yǔ)，表示“所有事”謂動(dòng)用單數(shù))

　　All are present . (作主語(yǔ)，表示“所有人”謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù))

　　b. None of the girls in our class like/likes football.

　　注意：在回答what/who 問(wèn)句時(shí)，用nothing/nobody;而在回答how many/How much……問(wèn)句時(shí)用none.

　　Who is in the classroom? Nobody. What is in your hand? Nothing.

　　How much money do you have? None.

　　9、every、each的使用

　　1)every只能修飾名詞，而each既可修飾名詞，也可作名詞使用。

　　eg: every day、each classroom、each of the student

　　2)在單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用each.

　　a. Here are enough glasses. Each of you can get one.

　　b. We each should listen to the teachers carefully.

　　3)every能表達(dá)“每隔”的含義，而each則不能。

　　every three days 每3天、每隔2天 every few years每隔幾年

　　every other day /week/line每隔1天/1周/1行

　　4)every與one連用，可用of修飾( 要分開(kāi)寫(xiě))。

　　every one of us 我們中的每一人 each of us我們中的每一人

　　every one of the books 這些書(shū)中的每1本

　　each of the books這些書(shū)中的每1本

　　10、some與any

　　1)表示“一些”含義時(shí)，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定、疑問(wèn)、條件句中，都可以修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。

　　a. I have some questions to ask you.

　　b. Do you have any trouble in learning English? If any, do ask me for help.

　　注意：1)some表示“一些”時(shí)，可用于“征求意見(jiàn)”“提出建議”的疑問(wèn)句中。

　　a.—Would you like to have some ice cream?

　　—No.

　　—How about some water?

　　—Yes, please.

　　2)some后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示“某一”的含義。相當(dāng)于“a certain.”

　　some day 將來(lái)某一天 some kind of animals某一種動(dòng)物

　　3)some 可以和數(shù)詞連用，表示“大約”的含義。

　　The story took place some forty years ago.

　　4)any如果表示“任何”含義時(shí)，可以用于肯定句中。

　　Here are three novels. You may read any.

　　11、one……the other、another、other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞、others、the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞、the others

　　1)當(dāng)前提只有兩個(gè)時(shí)，表達(dá)“一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”用one……the other，此時(shí)the other作名詞用。

　　I have bought two books. One is a dictionary, the other is a story book.

　　2)當(dāng)前提有3個(gè)或以上時(shí)，表達(dá)“另一個(gè)”用another或“a(n)+序數(shù)詞( 序數(shù)詞的選擇要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái))”表示。

　　Please show me another book.

　　I have stayed in Kaili for a week, but I still want to stay here for a second week.

　　注意：如果是“一段時(shí)間”或“一筆錢(qián)”時(shí)，可以用another。此時(shí)雖然是復(fù)數(shù)的形式，但它是單數(shù)含義。

　　a. We need another three days to finish the work.可以替換為：three more days three other days

　　b. Sorry, your money is not enough. You need to pay another 10 dollars

　　10 more dollars

　　10 other dollars

　　3)other(adj)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或others(n)表示除去一部分外剩余的某一部分，前面常有特征詞some.

　　a. Some people are against you, but others/other people may agree with you.

　　b. I don’t like this shirt. Have you got any others?

　　4)the other(adj)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或the others(n)表示除去一部分外剩余的全部，一般都要有一定的范圍。

　　There are 70 students in the class. Some are from the USA and the others/ the other students / the rest are from China.

　　12、little、a little、few、a few的使用

　　1)little“幾乎沒(méi)有”修飾不可數(shù)名詞 There is little water in the desert

　　2)few“幾乎沒(méi)有”修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Few people like him.

　　3)a little“一點(diǎn)，一些”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 There is still a little soup in the bowl.

　　4)a few“一些，幾個(gè)”修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，相當(dāng)于some、several, a couple of

　　I bought a few books yesterday

　　13、many與 much的使用

　　1)much+不可數(shù)名詞 much water/ information/ pleasure…etc

　　2)many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = a good /great many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　然而： many a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如many a student, 作主語(yǔ)，謂動(dòng)用第三單形式。

　　14、疑問(wèn)代詞

　　What、which、who、whom、whose、how many/much、how soon、how often、how long、etc、

　　(1)、在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(含介詞賓語(yǔ))、表語(yǔ)且指sth.用what, 另外：表示“是。。。什么樣子”也用what.

　　a. —What’s your name?—My name is Peter. b. —What is on your desk?

　　c. What’s the weather like today?

　　d. What does your father look like?

　　e. My hometown is not what it used to be 10 years ago.

　　(2)、在句中指人且作主語(yǔ)，用who;如果指人作賓語(yǔ)，可以用who/whom

　　a. Who’s in charge of your class?

　　b. Who/Whom did you meet yesterday?

　　(3)、指人且在句中作定語(yǔ)，用whose。注意相應(yīng)的名詞要緊跟whose。

　　a. Whose father is a teacher?

　　b. Whose bike did you lose yesterday?

　　(4)、當(dāng)表示“哪一個(gè)/ 哪一些”含義時(shí)用which，相應(yīng)的名詞也要緊隨其后

　　a. Which dictionary do you like?

　　b. Which students will be chosen to be volunteers?

　　(5)、提問(wèn)數(shù)目時(shí)用how many(much)，可數(shù)名詞用how many，不可數(shù)名詞用how much。注意相應(yīng)的名詞也要緊隨其后，如果問(wèn)的是“錢(qián)”或“某種程度”時(shí),how much后常不接名詞。

　　a. How many people are there in your class?

　　b. How much vegetable did you buy this morning?

　　c. How much did you spend on the house?

　　d. How much do you like the dictionary?

　　(6)、在將來(lái)時(shí)中表示在一段時(shí)間后“用介詞in+時(shí)間”， 含義為：....之后。提問(wèn)則用how soon(多久以后).

　　The road will be completed in two years.

　　How soon will the road be completed?

　　(7)、how often用來(lái)提問(wèn)頻率。

　　He went back home twice a month last year.

　　How often did he go home last year?

　　(8)、how long 用來(lái)提問(wèn)“for+一段時(shí)間”通常指(1)到目前為止，且在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。(2) 將要做某事長(zhǎng)達(dá)一段時(shí)間。

　　They have been married for five years.→ How long have they been married?

　　I will stay in my college for 4 years. → How long will you stay in your college?

　　15、全部否定與部分否定

　　1)both/every/all與not連用表示部分否定。

　　Not every student is from the UK=Every student is not from the UK.

　　Both of them are not from Guiyang.= Not both of them are from Guiyang.

　　Not all of us study hard.= All of us don’t study hard.

　　2)either……not、any……not、neither、none、nobody、nothing、each……not都表示全部否定。

　　a. Either of the two brothers is not a student.=Neither of the two brothers is a student.

　　b. Any of them doesn’t like to dance. None of them likes/like to dance.

　　c. Nobody is absent.

　　d. Nothing does good to you. e. Each of the students doesn’t want to go with you.

　　(二)高考考前語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)形容詞和副詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺

　　形容詞副詞查漏補(bǔ)缺

　　一、形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和更高級(jí)

　　1.形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和更高級(jí)，在重讀閉音節(jié)(即：輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,比較級(jí)加-er,更高級(jí)加-est;

　　如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

　　sad→sadder→saddest mad→madder →maddest wet→wetter→wettest

　　2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i，加er，如：

　　easy-easier、happy-happier、funny-funnier、early-earlier、busy-busier、

　　dirty-dirtier(更臟)、heavy-heavier(更重)、healthy-healthier;friendly-friendlier

　　angry ugly,

　　但是：shy-shyer.

　　以元音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，y不變，直接加er或est。如grey----greyer

　　3.、不規(guī)則變化

　　good/well—— better —— best

　　bad/badly/ill—— worse —— worst

　　many/much—— more ——— most

　　old —— older/elder—— oldest/eldest

　　little —— less —— least

　　far —— farther/further—— farthest/furthest

　　2、單音節(jié)不規(guī)則變化

　　tired —— more tired—— most tired

　　fond —— more fond—— most fond

　　glad —— more glad—— most glad

　　bored —— more bored—— most bored

　　pleased —— more pleased—— most pleased

　　3、兩種變化(少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)詞以及以er或le結(jié)尾的詞，可以有兩種比較級(jí)和更高級(jí))

　　simple----simpler common

　　cruel —— crueler —— cruelest/more cruel—— most cruel

　　strict —— stricter —— strictest/more strict—— most strict

　　often —— oftener —— oftenest/more often—— most often

　　friendly —— friendlier —— friendliest/more friendly—— most friendly

　　clever —— cleverer —— cleverest/more clever—— most clever

　　4、沒(méi)有比較級(jí)

　　empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden

　　5、在原級(jí)形容詞之前加less, least構(gòu)成的比較級(jí)與更高級(jí)成為“較低級(jí)”與“較低級(jí)”形式。

　　如：kind---less kind---least kind useful---less useful----least useful

　　二、形容詞+ly購(gòu)成副詞的規(guī)則

　　1. 輔音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly

　　2. le結(jié)尾去e加y。simple, gentle，但是whole wholly

　　3. 元音字母+e結(jié)尾，true-truly，但duely

　　4. i，c結(jié)尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic

　　5. 以le結(jié)尾的形容詞

　　大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。

　　改錯(cuò)：

　　(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.

　　(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.

　　(對(duì)) Her singing was lovely.

　　(對(duì)) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

　　friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑

　　fatherly像父親的---a fatherly teacher一位父親式的教師

　　lovely可愛(ài)的---a lovely girl一位可愛(ài)的姑娘

　　lively活潑的---a lively child一位活潑的小孩

　　lonely孤獨(dú)的---a lonely traveller一位孤獨(dú)的旅客

　　deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一擊

　　silly傻的，無(wú)聊的---a silly question愚蠢的問(wèn)題

　　orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有條不紊的頭腦

　　manly男子氣概的---a manly person具有男子氣概的人

　　daily每日的---daily work日常工作

　　weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊

　　yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early

　　smell-smelly adj.發(fā)臭的, 有臭味的

　　sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 穩(wěn)健地; 堅(jiān)固地; 徹底地; 正確地; 確實(shí)地,厲害地,酣暢地berate sb. soundly痛罵某人一頓

　　英語(yǔ)中部分特殊形式的比較意義和更高級(jí)的表達(dá)

　　1.A is senior/junior to B; A比B年齡或級(jí)別大(高)/A比B年齡或級(jí)別小(低)

　　如：He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三歲。

　　A is superior / inferior to B A優(yōu)于/劣于B

　　如： Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，北京比其他任何城市都做得好。

　　2.A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對(duì)于B就如C對(duì)于D。”

　　如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.

　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)于機(jī)器就如心臟對(duì)于動(dòng)物。

　　3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough

　　無(wú)論……都不為過(guò)，越……越……。 如：

　　You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無(wú)論怎么小心都不為過(guò)。

　　4. too…to句型的兩個(gè)意義

　　(1)表示否定意義，意為“太……而不能”。

　　如：This question is too hard for me to understand.

　　這個(gè)問(wèn)題太難，我理解不了。

　　(2)表示肯定意義，意為“非常，很，極”。當(dāng)too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時(shí)，too表示“很，非常”之意，與very表達(dá)“很”的意思相同。當(dāng)too前有all, but, only等詞時(shí)，形成only/but/all too…to do結(jié)構(gòu)，仍舊表達(dá)“非常，很，極”之意。

　　如：I'm too glad to hear the news.聽(tīng)到這條消息我非常高興。

　　5.與than有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)

　　(1)more…than…是……而不是……;與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……。

　　no more…than…不是……也不是……/與……同樣不

　　not more...than 不如……

　　如：That little girl is more tired than hungry.

　　那個(gè)小女孩是累了而不是餓了。(與其說(shuō)那個(gè)小女孩餓了，還不如說(shuō)她累了。)

　　He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奮。

　　He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老師也不是工人。

　　He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奮。

　　He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.與其說(shuō)他是教師，不如說(shuō)是工人。

　　(2)more than 超過(guò)，不僅僅是

　　no more than=only 只不過(guò)(言其少)

　　not more than=at most 不多于，至多(指事實(shí))

　　She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.

　　The room is no more than a barn.

　　(3) less than (數(shù)量)不到……，不足……;一點(diǎn)也不

　　no less than (數(shù)量)不少于……,至少

　　=not less than=at least

　　(4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……

　　No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差，和……一樣

　　He is less a teacher than an expert.

　　He is more an expert than a teacher.與其說(shuō)他確實(shí)老師，不如說(shuō)是相關(guān)人士。

　　He is no less active than he used to be.

　　他和以前一樣積極。

　　例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.

　　[解析] 此處是no more…than…結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是……也不是……”或“與……同樣不”之意，故or改為than。句意：恐怕你們搞錯(cuò)了，我既不是什么科學(xué)家，也不是什么數(shù)學(xué)家。

　　6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.

　　[解析] 此處是 “(ever)+比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“日益”之意，故cold and cold改為colder and colder。句意：天氣變得越來(lái)越冷，人們紛紛優(yōu)先在家里生起了火。

　　7.比較級(jí)和否定詞連用表示更高級(jí)意義

　　【誤】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.

　　【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.

　　[解析] 此處是用比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)更高級(jí)的含義，所以把good改為better。句意：為斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。

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