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2019年高考英語語法易錯(cuò)歸納!馬上就要高考了,你的英語復(fù)習(xí)的怎么樣了?學(xué)的多了就會(huì)記混了,高考前來和小編一起區(qū)分一下吧!愛智康助力高考,加油!下面是2019年高考英語語法易錯(cuò)歸納!同學(xué)們沖刺高考,加油!
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2019年高考英語語法易錯(cuò)歸納(一)
一、定語從句
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞?where?when?why?等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。?如:?
、買?will?never?forget?the?days?when/in?which?we?worked?together.?
、贗?will?never?forget?the?days?which/that?we?spent?together.?
解析:在句①中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the?days;
而在句②中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指。??
同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞where?或why來代指;如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。?如:?
、賂his?is?the?factory?where/in?which?I?worked.(作狀語)?
、赥his?is?the?factory?that/which?I?visited?years?ago.(作賓語)??
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason,?place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如:?
、賂his?was?the?first?(when/what)?I?had?serious?trouble?with?my?boss.?
②That?is?the?reason?(why)?I?did?it.?
、跿his?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.??
另外,定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如:?
、費(fèi)r.?Jackson?is?the?only?foreigner?that?is?present?at?the?party.
②He?is?one?of?the?students?who?were?praised?by?the?teacher.?
解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the?students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。?
2019年高考英語語法易錯(cuò)歸納(二)
二?名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
(一)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句?
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:?
、貯long?with?the?letter?was?his?promise?that?he?would?visit?me?this?coming?Christmas.?
②Do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm?that?we?visited?three?months?ago.?
解析:在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語,對(duì)先行詞the?chicken?farm起修飾作用。?
(二)名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)?
1)?名詞性從句作主語或賓語時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
It’s?a?pity?that?he?don’t?come?to?give?a?speech.(形式主語)
We?think?it?possible?that?you?can?finish?the?job?today.(形式賓語)??
2)謂語動(dòng)詞?appreciate,?dislike,?hate,?like,?love,?
make等接由if或when?引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語it.?例如:
I?would?appreciate?it?if?you?could?come?to?my?birthday?party.??
3)動(dòng)詞hare,?take,?hide,?punish,?put等,后接由that?引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.?例如:
①?I?take?it?that?you?will?be?leaving?Shanghai?soon.?
、?we?punished?it?that?we?had?finished?the?project?ahead?of?time.??
4)短語動(dòng)詞answer?for,?count?on?depend?on,?insist?on,?
see?to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語it.?例如:①?I’m?counting?on?it?that?you?will?come.?②?She’ll?see?to?it?that?he?goes?ahead.?注:作形式主語和形式賓語時(shí)只能用it.??
2019年高考英語語法易錯(cuò)歸納(三)
三、代詞it、one、that的用法與區(qū)別
One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語,否則就要用some.?
That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語連用。?It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get?it,?catch?it,?make?it.?
例如:①?I?have?lost?my?watch.?I?think?I?must?buy?one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))?
、?Where?is?my?pen??Have?you?seen?it?
我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)?③?The?land?of?China?is?larger?than?that?of?America.?
、?Tome?has?a?red?pen?and?a?blue?one?(或two?blue?ones)?
、?He?has?no?child,?and?he?wants?toadopt?one?(或?some)??
四、虛擬語氣
I?虛擬語氣在if?引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。?
、?if?my?lawyer?had?been?here?last?Saturday,?he?would?have?prevented?me?from?going.?
②?if?you?had?studied?hard?at?school,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now.?
句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句①依然指代過去的情況,謂語動(dòng)詞是would?have?done,而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語now,?這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,孩子在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。??
、蛱摂M語氣在名詞性從句中的用法??
1.在it?is?important?(strange,?natural,?necessary……)+that?句子或者It?is?decided?(ordered,suggested,?demanded,?advised……)+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等?
例如:①?it?is?important?that?everyone?(should?)?obey?the?rules?all?day?and?all?night.?
②?it?is?decided?that?the?meeting?(should)?be?held?tomorrow?afternoon.?
2.?suggest,?insist?后面指賓語從句時(shí)需注意的地方??
1)①suggest?當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”?例如:He?suggested?that?the?work?(should)?be?started?at?once?他建議立即動(dòng)工。?
類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求、請(qǐng)求,request請(qǐng)求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等。?這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)(如:It?is?suggested?+?that主語從句)形式后,主語從句謂語動(dòng)詞仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion)后,其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?
、趕uggest?當(dāng)“提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語氣。?例如:(1)The?police?suggested?that?the?thief?might?be?one?of?the?family?member?
警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。?
(2)Her?yawns?suggests?that?she?is?sleepy.?她打哈欠表明她困了。?
(3)Although?he?didn’t?suggest?that?we?__?the?decision?to?swim?across?the?river,?but?his?look?suggested?that?our?decision?__wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。?
A:stop;?wasB:?should?stop;?be
C:?stopped?;wasD:?stopped;?should?be?
在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講,而后一個(gè)作“表明”講,所以答案為“A”??
2)①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí),其后賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?
例如:I?insisted?that?you?(should)?be?there?on?time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去?
②insist?作“堅(jiān)持(意見,看法);堅(jiān)持說,確信”講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語氣。
例如:He?suggested?(that)?he?heard?someone?in?the?next?room.?他堅(jiān)持說他聽到隔壁屋子里有人。???
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