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2019年高考英語語法之5個高頻易錯點(diǎn)全歸納!高考是一場真正的較量,你準(zhǔn)備的怎么樣了?英語的知識點(diǎn)很多,所以大家很容易記混了,高考前我們來再復(fù)習(xí)一遍吧!下面是2019年高考英語語法之5個高頻易錯點(diǎn)全歸納!!同學(xué)們沖刺高考,加油!
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2019年高考英語語法之5個高頻易錯點(diǎn)全歸納(一)
一、定語從句
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞?where?when?why?等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語或賓語,whose在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。?如:?
1.I?will?never?forget?the?days?when/in?which?we?worked?together.?
2.I?will?never?forget?the?days?which/that?we?spent?together.?
解析:在句①中,表示時間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞when來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the?days;
而在句②中,表示時間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿釉~spent的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來代指。??
同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞where?或why來代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用which或that來代替。?如:?
1.This?is?the?factory?where/in?which?I?worked.(作狀語)
2.This?is?the?factory?that/which?I?visited?years?ago.(作賓語)?
注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason,?place時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如:?
1.This?was?the?first?(when/what)?I?had?serious?trouble?with?my?boss.?
2.That?is?the?reason?(why)?I?did?it.?
3.This?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.??
另外,定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如:
1.Mr.?Jackson?is?the?only?foreigner?that?is?present?at?the?party.
2.He?is?one?of?the?students?who?were?praised?by?the?teacher.
解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個,所以從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the?students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。?
二、名詞性從句中的易錯點(diǎn)
(一)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句?
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:?
1.Along?with?the?letter?was?his?promise?that?he?would?visit?me?this?coming?Christmas.?
2.Do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm?that?we?visited?three?months?ago.?
解析:在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語,對先行詞the?chicken?farm起修飾作用。
(二)名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點(diǎn)?
1)?名詞性從句作主語或賓語時,為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
It's?a?pity?that?he?don't?come?to?give?a?speech.(形式主語)
We?think?it?possible?that?you?can?finish?the?job?today.(形式賓語)??
2)謂語動詞?appreciate,?dislike,?hate,?like,?love,?make等接由if或when?引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時往往在從句前加上形式賓語it.?例如:
I?would?appreciate?it?if?you?could?come?to?my?birthday?party.?
3)動詞hare,?take,?hide,?punish,?put等,后接由that?引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it.?例如:
1.I?take?it?that?you?will?be?leaving?Shanghai?soon.?
2.we?punished?it?that?we?had?finished?the?project?ahead?of?time.??
4)短語動詞answer?for,?count?on?depend?on,?insist?on,?see?to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it.?例如:
、?I'm?counting?on?it?that?you?will?come.?
②?She'll?see?to?it?that?he?goes?ahead.?
注:作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用it.??
2019年高考英語語法之5個高頻易錯點(diǎn)全歸納(二)
三、虛擬語氣
(一)虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯點(diǎn)
1.If?my?lawyer?had?been?here?last?Saturday,?he?would?have?prevented?me?from?going.?
2.If?you?had?studied?hard?at?school,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now.?
句子①②都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成時,但在主句中,句①依然指代過去的情況,謂語動詞是would?have?done,而②中含有一個表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語now,?這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語動詞必須為would/should/might+動詞原形,孩子在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。
(二)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法
1.在“it?is?important?(strange,?natural,?necessary……)+that”句子或者“It?is?decided?(ordered,suggested,?demanded,?advised……)+that”句子中,主語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should)+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等?
例如:
1.It?is?important?that?everyone?(should?)?obey?the?rules?all?day?and?all?night.?
2.It?is?decided?that?the?meeting?(should)?be?held?tomorrow?afternoon.?
2.?suggest,?insist?后面指賓語從句時需注意的地方??
1)suggest?當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時,其后賓語從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”?
例如:He?suggested?that?the?work?(should)?be?started?at?once?他建議立即動工。?
類似的動詞還有insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求、請求,request請求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等。?這些動詞變被動語態(tài)(如:It?is?suggested?+?that主語從句)形式后,主語從句謂語動詞仍用“(should)+動詞原形”?這些動詞變名詞(如suggestion)后,其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用“(should)+動詞原形”?
2)suggest?當(dāng)“提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)”講時,其后賓語從句的動詞不用虛擬語氣。
例如:
(1)The?police?suggested?that?the?thief?might?be?one?of?the?family?member?
警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。?
(2)Her?yawns?suggests?that?she?is?sleepy.?
她打哈欠表明她困了。?
(3)Although?he?didn't?suggest?that?we?__?the?decision?to?swim?across?the?river,?but?his?look?suggested?that?our?decision?__wrong.
雖然他沒提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯誤的。
A stop;?was B should?stop;?be
C stopped;was D stopped;?should?be?
在這個句子中,前一個suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講,而后一個作“表明”講,所以答案為“A”??
3)insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時,其后賓語從句的謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”?
例如:I?insisted?that?you?(should)?be?there?on?time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時到那里去。
4)insist?作“堅(jiān)持(意見,看法);堅(jiān)持說,確信”講時,其后從句不用虛擬語氣。
例如:He?suggested?(that)?he?heard?someone?in?the?next?room.?他堅(jiān)持說他聽到隔壁屋子里有人。???
四、反意疑問句中的易錯點(diǎn)
1、在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的問或是否定的問,如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。?
1.—Are?you?a?new?comer??
—Yes,?I?came?here?only?yesterday.?
2.—Isn't?Tom?a?good?student??
—Yes,?he?is?excellent.?
3.—Don't?you?think?the?composition?good??
—No,?It?can't?be?any?worse.?
注意:在②③句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時,則用No,譯為“是的”,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相反時,則用Yes,譯為“不”??
2、情態(tài)動詞must
1.I?must?leave?now,?mustn't?I???
2.He?must?be?in?the?classroom,?isn't??(表推測)?
3.He?must?have?finished?his?homework,?hasn't?he???(表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)?
4.He?must?have?finished?his?homework?yesterday?afternoon,didn't?he??(表過去)?
當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測的情態(tài)動詞時,其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式。
2019年高考英語語法之5個高頻易錯點(diǎn)全歸納(三)
五、非謂語動詞中的易錯點(diǎn)
非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式;如為被動關(guān)系則用過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動式(動作將進(jìn)行);如既無主動也無被動關(guān)系則只能用狀語從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語)
Judging/considering/genrally?speaking/supposing?指說話者的動作,故只用主動式。如:?
Having?been?ill?in?bed?for?nearly?a?month?,?he?had?a?hard?time?passing?the?exam.?
解析:從這個句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語he一致,并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語,同時,分詞的動作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞動作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。
In?order?to?improve?English?,?________.?
A.?Jenny's?father?bought?her?a?lot?of?tapes.?
B.?Jenny's?father?bought?a?lot?of?tapes?for?herself.?
C.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny.?
D.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny?father.?
解析:根據(jù)不定式短語我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物,所以,應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語,而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.?
________,we?decided?to?go?out?for?a?walk.?
A.?It?is?fine?B.?It?fine?
C.?Being?fine?D.It?being?fine?
解析:主句主語we與動詞短語be?fine之間既無主動關(guān)系與無被動關(guān)系,所以要加上自己的邏輯主語It,由于不存在主、被動關(guān)系,故不能選C項(xiàng),而應(yīng)該選D?項(xiàng)。?
________more?attention,?the?trees?could?have?grown?better.?A.?Given?B.To?give?C.Giving?D.?Having?giving?
解析:give與主句的主語之間是被動關(guān)系,故選A.如為主動關(guān)系則選C.?
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