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點(diǎn)擊預(yù)約→免費(fèi)的1對(duì)1學(xué)科診斷及課程規(guī)劃
小學(xué)階段正是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的黃金階段,下面我們就針對(duì)英語(yǔ)將小學(xué)用到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)為您整理出來(lái),包括:時(shí)態(tài),句型,常用詞大全,英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)需要積累,將本文收藏,日積月累就能有所。
一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
1.字母:26個(gè)字母的大小寫A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.語(yǔ)音:元音的發(fā)音5個(gè)元音字母:A E I O U12個(gè)單元音:
前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]
雙元音(8個(gè))
合口雙元音[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
集中雙元音[iə] [εə] [uə]
3.詞匯:詞匯量,近反義詞4.句子:大小寫,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
二、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
1、名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變 y 為 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
以“f 或 fe”結(jié)尾,變 f 或 fe 為 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原形:
paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’ 如: his friends' bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加's children's shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 's加在較后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike's car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加's, 如:
Tom's and Mike's cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2) 表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用“of +名詞”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系:
如: a picture of the classroom a map of China
2、冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類
(1) 不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle元音開(kāi)頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange (2) 定冠詞:the the egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:
特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.
在序數(shù)詞前:John's birthday is February the second.
用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
專有名詞前:China is a big country.
名詞前有定語(yǔ):this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.
在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.
一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
球類 棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂(lè)器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
3、代詞、形容詞、副詞
代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞形容詞,副詞:比較級(jí),更高級(jí)
(一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)
1. 形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞 than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。2. 形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
一般在詞尾加er ;
以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3. 不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí):good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級(jí)
1. 形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動(dòng)用副,有副用動(dòng))
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中較常見(jiàn)的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后
2.副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
4、數(shù)詞:序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞
(1) 1-20one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty
(2) 21-99 先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間加連字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3) 101—999先說(shuō)“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4) 1,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,先進(jìn)個(gè)“,”前為thousand. 第二個(gè)“,”前為million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion
序數(shù)詞
(1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加 theg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth
(2) 不規(guī)則變化one→first, two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3) 以 y 結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變 y 為 ie 再加 thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth
(4) 從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母 t, d, d.八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。ty 將 y變成 i,th 前面有個(gè) e.若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。
5、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1. at 表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1) 表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at (on) the weekend?在周末---特指
at (on) weekends?在周末---泛指
over the weekend?在整個(gè)周末
during the weekend?在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說(shuō) at Christmas? 而不說(shuō) on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的時(shí)候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。
3.in1) 表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和 during 互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
6、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)
(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。
2. 行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí):動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改 y 為 i 再加 ed (此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加 y ,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫較后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3) 一般將來(lái)時(shí):基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③ 雙寫較后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
三、句法
1.陳述句
(1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,如:
I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2) 否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:
I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用“yes",或“no”來(lái)回答。特殊疑問(wèn)句:以特殊疑問(wèn)詞 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”來(lái)回答。3.There be句型There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品,be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)較*近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把 be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be 句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
What's + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
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