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作文是英語知識水平的綜合素質(zhì)體現(xiàn),它要求同學(xué)們既要有扎實的語言基本功,又要具備一定的審題能力、想象能力、表達(dá)能力、評價能力及書法排版能力。因為基本功不扎實,多數(shù)同學(xué)在作文時總會出現(xiàn)這樣或者那樣的問題,例如,文體不符、詞匯誤用、句子單一等,造成作文的得分較低,影響了總的英語成績。因此,作文能力不強(qiáng)一直是同學(xué)們比較普遍的問題。其實歸結(jié)起來,作文“缺鈣”一共有四類癥狀,深入地剖析這些癥狀,就能找到作文偏科的根本原因,同時寫作時適當(dāng)?shù)靥子靡恍┠0,給寫作能力“缺鈣”的同學(xué)好好進(jìn)補(bǔ)。
癥狀一文體格式混亂
【表現(xiàn)】讀了作文要求之后,提筆就寫——明明要求寫一封表達(dá)建議的書信,結(jié)果寫成了議論文;或者明明要求寫說明文,偏偏寫成了記敘文;或者總算文體沒有弄錯,結(jié)果寫通知誤用日記的格式,寫書信又誤用通知的格式。
【癥結(jié)】平時缺乏作文文體方面的針對性訓(xùn)練,對英語作文的幾種常用文體及其相應(yīng)的寫作格式不熟悉,拿到寫作材料習(xí)慣性地對寫作要求一掃而過,提筆就寫自己較熟悉的格式。
【突破之道】明確文體和對應(yīng)格式
常用文體有記敘文、說明文、議論文還有應(yīng)用文等。近幾年的高考書面表達(dá)多以應(yīng)用文為主,提供的形式多以圖畫、提綱、表格出現(xiàn),書寫的格式大都是書信、通知。所以,同學(xué)們應(yīng)該掌握書信的稱呼、開頭、正文、結(jié)尾、簽名等方面,另外,口頭通知和書面通知的不同要清楚?傊瑢W(xué)們應(yīng)根據(jù)寫作提示分析材料,明確寫作文體和其相應(yīng)的格式。
癥狀二時態(tài)人稱混亂
【表現(xiàn)】作文時,時態(tài)和人稱運(yùn)用混亂——時態(tài)方面,要么整篇文章都是一種時態(tài)(以一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時居多),要么就是一段甚至一句話中出現(xiàn)三種以上的時態(tài);人稱方面,要么文章開頭是先進(jìn)人稱,寫到文中甚至文末就成了第二、第三人稱,要么前面是單數(shù)人稱,寫著寫著就變成復(fù)數(shù)人稱。
【癥結(jié)】英語基礎(chǔ)知識不牢固,對英語中時態(tài)和人稱所代表的含義及其運(yùn)用掌握不足,因此無法根據(jù)文體來選擇正確的時態(tài)和人稱而濫用或者混用。
【突破之道】明確時態(tài)和人稱
同學(xué)們要根據(jù)選好的文體和寫作內(nèi)容確定時態(tài)和人稱。一般來說,記人敘事多用一般過去時;發(fā)布通知多用一般將來時和祈使句式;發(fā)表議論大多用帶有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時;人物介紹、現(xiàn)狀說明常用一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時。定準(zhǔn)時態(tài)后接下來一定要知道各時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法要點,但要記住,寫作時時態(tài)并不,要依據(jù)表達(dá)內(nèi)容而選定正確的時態(tài)。人稱方面則要注意前后統(tǒng)一,避免出現(xiàn)前后人稱屬性或者單復(fù)數(shù)不一致的情況。
癥狀三詞匯運(yùn)用混亂
【表現(xiàn)】經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)亂用詞語的現(xiàn)象,同時使用一些較難的、較長的、用法不熟悉的單詞,或者明明用一些簡單的詞匯就能夠很清楚地表達(dá)意思,偏偏要選擇一些難度較大的、不常用的表達(dá)方式。
【癥結(jié)】寫作時對文章的脈絡(luò)把握不足就匆匆下筆,對其中所需的詞匯和常用表達(dá)方式理解記憶不牢固。平時訓(xùn)練時,習(xí)慣性地忽略一些形式簡單但用途較廣泛的基本詞匯和表達(dá)方式,喜歡選擇復(fù)雜的詞匯和表達(dá)方式。
【突破之道】確定所需主要詞匯和所用表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)
應(yīng)該根據(jù)文章體裁和內(nèi)容逐個確定寫作要點。對于圖畫和圖表可在草稿紙上用中文列出并理清要點,然后選詞造句,要注意語言的準(zhǔn)確得當(dāng),力求用較簡潔的話表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確的意思。同時,平時寫作要多進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維,例如,是用verysorry還是terriblysorry,是surprised還astonished。同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會盡可能避免使用較高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯,如非謂語動詞、復(fù)合句等,以免造成過失性失分.
癥狀四語序句序混亂
【表現(xiàn)】作文的語序、句序混亂,通常這里寫一點,跳過去又另起一點,這樣造成要么文章洋洋灑灑一大篇卻全是廢話,沒有中心和重點,什么都沒有表達(dá)清楚;要么通篇沒有適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞、句,整篇文章一“逗”到底,密密麻麻讓人找不著北。
【癥結(jié)】平時訓(xùn)練時不注意表達(dá)的連貫性,想到哪里就寫到哪里,寫作之前沒有列提綱的習(xí)慣,不去深入思索怎樣表達(dá)才能達(dá)到較好的效果,從而造成整篇文章邏輯思維混亂,層次不清晰。
【突破之道】整理成篇行文連貫
同學(xué)們應(yīng)該根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容列好簡要提綱,分清文章的層次,確定詳略,寫好的單句要重新排列組合起來,使之前后連貫成一篇完整的文章。同時選用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞或句子使文章過渡自然,行文流暢。另外,該分段時要分段,這樣文章才能中心突出,一目了然,整篇作文才能如行云流水般整齊劃一。
2008通用英語模板圖標(biāo)作文
As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,____ has been on rise/ decrease, significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that _____.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand, ____.In the other hand, _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition, ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.[!--empirenews.page--]
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
書信作文模板Your addressMonth, Date, yearReceiver's addressDear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____.
……
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours,
話題作文
Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. To sum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing, _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.
對比觀點作文
_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.
While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____.
From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
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