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二、近形辨析和運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法
英語中的很多形容詞和副詞,如surprising(ly),surprised(ly)等,都來自它們自身的動(dòng)詞,如上面兩個(gè)詞來自做動(dòng)詞的surprise(vt);還有很多形容詞和副詞,通過前后綴的變化,又衍生出來很多詞,如imaginable,imaginative,imaginary等,這樣就有了很多近形詞,對這些詞的辨析和理解,也是正確使用形容詞和副詞修飾的一個(gè)很重要的內(nèi)容。
例一 請回答下面這一組題
1.Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respectable B. respected
C. respective D. respectful
2. No one imagined that the apparently _____businessman was really a criminal.
A. respectful B. respectable
C. respective D. respected
答案D B。辨別這組形近字,可以運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法的知識。后綴able,“能…的”;后綴ful “be full of”的意思;后綴-ive,表示“…的”。由此知道,respectable,值得尊敬的,品行端正的;respectful有禮貌的,表示尊敬的;respective各個(gè)的;respected受尊敬的。
例二:The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.
A. adaptable B. acceptable
C. advisable D. available
答案D。本題選項(xiàng)均為able后綴。因此,可以從其本詞上進(jìn)行辨析。available可用的, 有效的, 可得到的;acceptable 可以接受的;adaptable 能適應(yīng)的;advisable,能建議的。
例三:I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.
A. priceless B. invaluable
C. unworthy D. worthless
答案D。worthless 無價(jià)值的, 無用的。priceless 無價(jià)(格)的, 貴重的, 無法估價(jià)的;invaluable 無法估價(jià)的, 非常寶貴的。unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 無價(jià)值的。
例四:It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ___ knowledge.
A. extensive B. expansive
C. intensive D. expensive
答案A。從上面的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以看出幾個(gè)形容詞的區(qū)別,如extensive的動(dòng)詞為extend,指空間和時(shí)間的延長,擴(kuò)展;expansive的動(dòng)詞為expand,膨脹。由此,可以看出extensive knowledge為廣泛的知識。
例五:Tom sounds very much _____in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested B. interesting
C. interestingly D. interestedly
答案A。上面幾個(gè)詞都來自其動(dòng)詞interest,及物動(dòng)詞。(the job)interest(Tom),可以看出這里要選擇interested。注意不要選擇interestedly,因?yàn)閟ounds是連系動(dòng)詞。
例六:Comrade Li Dazhao, ___ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
A. sometimes B. sometime
C. some time D. some times
答案B。sometime置于名詞前,表示曾經(jīng),以前。sometimes,有時(shí);some time,有些時(shí)間;some times,有些詞。由此還要提醒同學(xué)們注意還有一些詞分寫與合寫意義不同,如every day(可做副詞)與everyday(形容詞)等。
例七:In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept _____ all night.
A. densely B. soundly
C. loudly D. noisily
答案B。sleep soundly熟睡。也可以說sleep heavily,sleep deeply等。
例八:He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him _____.
A. perfectly B. justly
C. fairly D. rightly
答案A。perfectly,完全地;justly公正地,正當(dāng)?shù);rightly正確地,恰當(dāng)?shù);fairly公正地,正當(dāng)?shù)亍?/p>
三、異形異義與認(rèn)知修飾搭配
高考對形容詞和副詞等修飾語的考查,很大比重都是異形異義詞的修飾搭配問題,而要掌握好這樣的搭配,就要加強(qiáng)聽讀,做到廣泛認(rèn)知,“水到”才能“渠成”。要特別留意自己新聽到、見到的修飾結(jié)構(gòu),注意詞的修飾與被修飾的積累,只有這樣,在回答形容詞和副詞等修飾語題目時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。
例一:Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.
A. concise
B. correct
C. right
D. precise
答案C。right 適當(dāng)?shù),恰?dāng)?shù);concise 簡明扼要的,correct 正確的;exact 確切的。
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