高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：情態(tài)動詞（二）

　　對過去事實的推測

　　對過去已發(fā)生事情的肯定推測常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準是、一定是”，語氣非�？隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň洌�“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思為“也許、或許”表示推測的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑問句;對過去的否定推測常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思為“不可能/可能沒做過……”;對過去的疑問推測只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思為“可能已經(jīng)……”。

　　例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)

　　A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t

　　分析：根據(jù)后一分句判斷，前一分句應(yīng)該表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準是、一定是”，語氣非�？隙ㄇ抑荒苡糜诳隙ň�。答案為B。

　　例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)

　　A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

　　C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

　　分析：must表推測時，不用于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本來沒有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本來不應(yīng)該”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思為“不可能做過……”。故答案為A。

　　例18：--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.

　　-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)

　　A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t

　　分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示現(xiàn)在對過去所發(fā)生事情的否定推測，意思為“現(xiàn)在不可能走遠了”;答案為C。

　　三、考查情態(tài)動詞的虛擬用法

　　例19：—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

　　--You________ her last week. (2004福建)

　　A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told

　　分析：對過去發(fā)生事情的責(zé)備或遺憾應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+have + v-ed”，據(jù)此可排除答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于過去的虛擬語氣中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒有做，含有責(zé)備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。故答案為D。

　　例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)

　　A. could B. would C. must D. need

　　分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有能力而沒能做成。該句意思為：“他花錢買了座位，而他本來可以免費進去的”。答案為A。

　　例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.

　　A. must B. may C. will D. might

　　分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示責(zé)備，后一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本來有可能做成某事但結(jié)果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側(cè)重有某種可能性但沒能做成。

　　例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

　　—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)

　　A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done

　　分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事，無批評責(zé)備之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因為天就要下雨了。答案為B。

　　準備建議

　　掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態(tài)動詞 的關(guān)鍵，同時要認真比較每個情態(tài)動詞的用法，注意其細微差別，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異;熟悉每個情態(tài)動詞的適用場合，根據(jù)語境及說話人的語氣選擇恰當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞，如用于推測時，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用 于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑問句中;牢記情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法，尤其是對過去發(fā)生情況的推測;積累虛擬語氣的用法，尤其是一些句勢和特殊 情況。

　　06年展望

　　隨著高考命題改革的深入，命題的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎樣變化，還是脫離不了詞的基本詞義、詞與詞在使用上的細微差別和基本的語法框架。通過對近幾年高考情態(tài)動詞考點的分析、探究，可以看出高考對情態(tài)動詞的考查非常穩(wěn)定，即情態(tài)動詞的基本用法和推測用法。高考考點的 “穩(wěn)定性”告訴我們：高考英語命題是有規(guī)律的，不僅有規(guī)律，而且有很強的規(guī)律性。在復(fù)習(xí)迎考過程中，不僅要認真準備書本上成百上千的知識點(這是基礎(chǔ))，但更重要的還要去研究歷屆高診斷題中的重要考點(這是捷徑)，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。

　　情態(tài)動詞考點透視

　　練兵場

　　1. Has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the Bird Flu has been controlled?

　　A. can B. willl C. may D. shall

　　2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.

　　A. had to write it out B. must have written it out

　　C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out

　　3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

　　A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived

　　C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived

　　4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.

　　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t

　　5. The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.

　　A. should B. can C. must D. need

　　6. — Is John coming by train?

　　— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.

　　A. must B. can C. need D. may

　　7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have

　　been collected.

　　A. can B. will C. may D. shall

　　8. Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? You ____ somebody.

　　A. might hurt B. could have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt

　　9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

　　—_______.

　　A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t

　　10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.

　　A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken

　　C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken

　　11.—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?

　　—I haven’t decided yet. I ______ go home, but it depends on the weather.

　　A. must B. need C. may D. will

　　12. This couple had been separated twenty years, you _____imagine how happy they were when they met again.

　　A. might B. will C. can D. must

　　13. We ______last night, but we went to the concert instead.

　　A. must have studied B. might study

　　C. should have studied D. would study

　　14. She _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.

　　A. might B. must C. will D. should

　　15. -–Well done, Tom!

　　-- Thanks, but given me more time, I ___ it much better.

　　A. shouldn’t have done B. should have done

　　C. might not do D. could have done

　　1-5 DCCAB 6-10 DDBBD 11-15CCCCD

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