高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)(六)：不定式/-ing形式/過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

一、不定式作定語(yǔ)

不定式作定語(yǔ)要放在它所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，即不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之后。多用來(lái)修飾have、there be、with之后的名詞，表示“有…要…”或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”。注意：不定式作定語(yǔ)，被修飾的詞是不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、工具或?qū)ο髸r(shí)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：

1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________.

A. to send                         B. for sending it

C. to send it to                   D. for sending it to

【分析】答案選C。the person是send it的對(duì)象，可理解為to send it to the person。

2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose.

A. to be chosen                  B. to choose from

C. to choose                      D. for choosing

【分析】答案選B。是“有五雙可選擇”即“從這五雙中選擇一雙”而不是“選擇五雙”。

3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.

A. by                                 B. on

C. up                                 D. with

【分析】答案選B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。

4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat.

A. talk to                             B. talk

C. speak about                     D. speak

【分析】答案選A。people是talk的對(duì)象，即talk to people。

二、分詞作定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)的分詞放在所修飾的名詞前(left等除外)，分詞短語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后。被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生；被修飾的名詞與過(guò)去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前或沒(méi)有時(shí)間性。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常只作狀語(yǔ)，而不能作定語(yǔ)。如：

1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell                           B. smelling

C. smelt                               D. to be smelt

【分析】答案選B。“發(fā)出香味”與“吸引游客”是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，排除表示將來(lái)的不定式，即A和D；又因?yàn)閠he flowers與smell (發(fā)出…味)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。

2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form                           B. form

C. forming                           D. having formed

【分析】答案選C。form作“出現(xiàn)、產(chǎn)生”解，是不及物動(dòng)詞，pictures與form是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“圖畫(huà)出現(xiàn)”與“有”同時(shí)發(fā)生。注意：這與表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。

3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.

A. 20 dollars remained            B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars            D. remaining 20 dollars

【分析】答案選D。remain 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去分詞無(wú)被動(dòng)含義，用remaining (剩下的)作定語(yǔ)，修飾20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left

4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.

A. knowing                           B. known

C. being known                     D. to be known

【分析】答案選B。因?yàn)閠he…company與know是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。

5. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung                      B. hanging

C. hangs                               D. being hung

【分析】答案選B。hang作“某物懸掛 / 吊在某處”解，是不及物動(dòng)詞，the picture與hang是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用hanging作定語(yǔ)。

6. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)

A. recorded                           B. recording

C. to be recorded                   D. having recorded

【分析】答案選A。the disc(唱片)與record(錄制)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且record發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)sounded之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

7. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century.

A. having written                   B. to be written

C. being written                     D. written

【分析】答案選D。textbooks與write是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且write發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)came out(出版)之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而要用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

8. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing                         B. to be first played

C. first played                          D. to be first playing

【分析】答案選C。The Olympic games與play是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A和D；不定式的被動(dòng)式，表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，排除B。

9. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? (02北京卷)

—The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.

A. to solving, making                B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making                   D. to solve, made

【分析】答案選B。key to(…的關(guān)鍵)中to是介詞，應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞，排除C和D；又因名詞demand與make是被動(dòng)關(guān)系(made demands提出要求)，另有by這一標(biāo)志詞暗示，用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。

三、to be done, being done, done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

to be done表示將來(lái)，being done表示目前正在發(fā)生，done表示過(guò)去己經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：

The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天要開(kāi)的會(huì)很重要。

The meeting being held now is important. 現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)的這個(gè)會(huì)很重要。

The meeting held yesterday was important. 昨天開(kāi)的那個(gè)會(huì)議很重要。

五、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)只放在名詞前，說(shuō)明該名詞的性能或用途，不表動(dòng)作，被修飾的名詞與動(dòng)名詞在邏輯上沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系。如drinking water =water for drinking飲用水，climbing shoes =shoes for climbing登山鞋。