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高中期末診斷-高一英語期末之主語從句(一)
一、連接詞的選用
1. 由what和that引導的主語從句what和that都可引導主語從句。what除起連接作用外,還在主語從句中充當某些成分(主語、賓語或表語)。而that在主語從句中不充當任何成分,只起連接詞的作用。
例如:
What he wants is a new bicycle. 他想要的是一輛新自行車。
【分析】句中充當主語的是從句"What he wants",其中what 在從句中作賓語。
That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. 眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
【分析】句中充當主語的是從句"That the earth moves around the sun",其中that只起連接作用,在從句中不充當任何成分。
2. 由whether引導的主語從句含有"是否"意思的主語從句,連接詞不能用if,只能用whether。
例如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air next week is uncertain. 我們下周是否在戶外開晚會還不確定。
3. 由其他連接代詞和連接副詞引導的主語從句who, which, when, where, why, how等連接代詞和連接副詞既有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時在從句中充當各種成分。
例如:
Who she is doesn’t concern me. 她是誰與我無關。
【分析】連接代詞who在從句中充當表語。
Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours. 我在哪里過暑假不關你的事。
【分析】連接副詞where在從句中充當狀語。
How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery. 囚犯如何逃脫完全是一個謎。
【分析】連接副詞how在從句中充當狀語。
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你決定買哪一輛車都不會有任何區(qū)別。
【分析】"Which car"在從句中充當動詞buy的賓語。
4. whatever / whoever的用法
whatever / whoever可以引導主語從句,并在句中作主語、賓語、表語等,不含疑問意義。whatever相當于anything that; whoever 相當于anyone who。
例如:
Whoever wants to enter into this school must take the exam. 任何想進入這所學校的人都必須參加這個診斷。
【分析】"Whoever wants to enter into this school"相當于"Anyone who wants to enter into this school"。
Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。
【分析】"Whatever she did"相當于"Anything that she did"。
高中期末診斷-高一英語期末之主語從句(二)
注意!讓步狀語從句中的whatever相當于no matter what; whoever 相當于no matter who。例如:Whoever wants to enter into this school, he must take the exam. 不論誰想進入這所學校,都必須參加診斷。(這是一個讓步狀語從句,相當于:No matter who wants to enter into this school, he must take the exam.)
二、形式主語it構成的主語從句
1. 由連詞that引導的主語從句,在大多數(shù)情況下可以用形式主語it代替,即將it放在句首,而將主語從句放在句末,以避免句子頭重腳輕。
例如:
It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物體在水中比在空氣中輕,這是大家共有的經(jīng)驗。
【分析】形式主語it指代后面的主語從句"that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air"。需要注意的是,it作形式主語時,要注意和as引導的定語從句的區(qū)別。試比較:
① It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack last year.
、 As was reported, no country was under the terrorist attack last year.
句意:據(jù)報道,去年沒有國家遭到恐怖分子的襲擊。
【分析】上述兩個句子句意相同,但結構不同。前一個句子包括一個主語從句"that no country was under the terrorist attack last year";后一個句子包括一個非限定性定語從句"As was reported",其中as指代整個主句內(nèi)容。
2. 由連接代詞、連接副詞和連詞whether引起的主語從句?捎孟刃性~it作主語,而把主語從句放到后面去。
例如:
Who’s to head the delegation hasn’t been made public.
→ It hasn’t been made public who’s to head the delegation. 誰來領導這個代表團還沒有宣布。
How many people we are to invite is still a question.
→ It is still a question how many people we are to invite. 我們要邀請多少人還是一個問題。
When we arrive doesn’t matter.
→ It doesn’t matter when we arrive. 我們什么時候到?jīng)]有關系。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
→ It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 這對我們有害還是有利還得看一看。
3. 常見用it作形式主語的復合句結構
① It is a fact (a pity / no wonder / a good idea / a shame ...)that ...
例如:It’s a pity that you didn’t come to my birthday party. 你沒有來參加我的生日派對真是太遺憾了。
、 It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...
需要注意的是,這類主語從句中,謂語動詞很多為"(should)+動詞原形",即要用虛擬語氣。例如:
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay. 幾個護士留在這兒是很有必要的。
It is imperative that everyone (should) learn from practice. 每個人都應該從實踐中學習。
、 It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided / suggested / ordered ...)that ...
例如:It is said that many people was killed in the earthquake. 據(jù)說很多人在這次地震中喪生了。
、 It seems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / ...)that ...
例如:It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否會參加會議都無關緊要。
三、主語從句中的否定前移
當用it作形式主語,而將主語從句放在句尾時,主語從句中的否定詞常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university. 看來他們不是來自同一所大學。
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
高中期末診斷-高一英語期末之主語從句(三)
1.定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2.構成:關聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3.引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞有三類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。如:
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我先進的家。
解釋:
1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:
A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她診斷成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如:
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如:
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如:
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。
F. 當that引導的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G. 當主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎
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