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易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤判
【典例】—What do you think the should do first?
—They should learn to take as well as share rights in life.
A. grown-up; responsibility B. growns-up; responsibility
C. grown-ups; responsibilities D. growns-ups; responsibilities
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生以為grown是復(fù)合名詞的中心詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在grown后面加-s;另一方面認(rèn)為responsibility是不 可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,從而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí),grown-up沒有中心名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該在up后面加-s;同時(shí)根據(jù)語境可 知,responsibility指義務(wù),該單詞作“義務(wù),職責(zé)”講時(shí),可作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,故正確答案選C.
復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般在中心名詞后面加-s,如:looker-on → lookers-on, son-in-law → sons-in-law;但是當(dāng)復(fù)合名詞沒有中心名詞時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式是在較后的詞后面加-s,如:grown-up → grown-ups; go-between → go-betweens.
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 名詞的格的誤用
【典例】—Look! This is .
—Very beautiful. When did she take it?
A. my mother‘s picture B. my mother in the picture
C. a picture of my mother D. a picture of my mother‘s
錯(cuò)因分析:考生可能受漢語思維的影響,錯(cuò)選A或B;也可能受英語雙重所有格的影響,錯(cuò)選D.根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選C.
my mother‘s picture,意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片”,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother‘s意為“我媽媽所擁有的照片中的一張”,同樣,暗含“照片上不一定是我媽媽”; a picture of my mother意為“我媽媽的照片(照片中是媽媽)”;my mother in the picture意為“照片中我的媽媽”,暗含“不是真實(shí)的媽媽”。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 名詞作定語的誤用
【典例】—Where does your sister work, Jack?
—She works in a .
A. shop of cloth B. cloth‘s shop C. shop with clothes D. clothes shop
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)名詞作定語的用法運(yùn)用不當(dāng)而錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí),clothes“服裝”只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,而單數(shù)形式“布店”應(yīng)用shop for cloth或cloth shop,因此,根據(jù)語境可知,正確答案選D.
名詞作定語時(shí)一般用其單數(shù)形式,然而,名詞parents, clothes, sports等,作定語時(shí)必須要使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外,man, woman作定語時(shí),如果中心詞是單數(shù),則用其單數(shù)形式;如果中心詞是復(fù)數(shù),則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤
【典例】—I find it very difficult to read novel you lent me last week.
—Yes. It‘s necessary to have good knowledge of history.
A. the;不填 B. a;不填 C. the; a D. a; a
錯(cuò)因分析:考生可能以為先進(jìn)空是特指對(duì)方上周所借給“我”的小說,故應(yīng)填定冠詞;第二空后面是抽象名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,不填冠詞,于是錯(cuò)選A. 然而,此處knowledge之前須用不定冠詞,have a good knowledge of意為“對(duì)……很了解”,是固定搭配,故正確答案選C.
英語中,有些抽象名詞,如knowledge, history, failure, success, help, pleasure, surprise, honour等表示抽象概念時(shí),其前面不用不定冠詞,如:with pleasure, in surprise等。但是,當(dāng)表示具體的概念時(shí),其前面須用不定冠詞,也可以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5 對(duì)專有名詞的應(yīng)用判斷失誤
【典例】—Do you know Li Ming?
—Li Ming? Which one? I know Li Ming in our class very well. He is Lei Feng of our times.
A. 不填;不填 B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生可能以為兩個(gè)空后面的名詞都是人名,前面不用冠詞,于是錯(cuò)選A.然而,聯(lián)系語境可知,答話者至少認(rèn)識(shí)兩個(gè)李明,而特指他班上 的那個(gè)李明時(shí)前面須用定冠詞;后一空的Lei Feng由of our times修飾,說明是我們時(shí)代的特征,須用定冠詞,故正確答案選D.
人名前面加定冠詞,指特定的某個(gè)人或某個(gè)人的主要特征。地名前面一般不用定冠詞,但是當(dāng)指特定某時(shí)期的地方或某地的主要特征時(shí),須用定冠詞。 如:China → the China (of) today; America → the America of last century; the New York of China等。表姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面用定冠詞表示夫婦兩人或全家人,如:the Greens.
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6 定冠詞與不定冠詞判斷失誤
【典例】—When did you meet her last?
—I don‘t remember exactly, but I‘m sure it was Friday when I went to the shop to buy football.
A. a; a B. 不填;a C. the;不填 D. 不填;不填
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生可能認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)空后面的名詞前都不用冠詞,從而錯(cuò)選D.其實(shí),指一個(gè)特定的星期幾時(shí)前面須用不定冠詞;表示一個(gè)足球時(shí),前面也須用不定冠詞,故正確答案選A.
表星期幾的名詞前面一般不用冠詞,但是當(dāng)指某一個(gè)特定的星期幾時(shí),前面要加不定冠詞。球類活動(dòng)中,表球類的名詞前不用冠詞;音樂活動(dòng)中,表樂器名稱的名詞前須用定冠詞。但是,當(dāng)它們不指活動(dòng),而是指具體的某件東西時(shí),須用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7 冠詞與零冠詞應(yīng)用判斷失誤
【典例】—What do you think is the difference between man and woman?
—I don‘t think there‘s any difference.
A. the; the B. a; a C. 不填;不填 D. a; the
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生可能認(rèn)為,表示類別時(shí),名詞前面須用不定冠詞或定冠詞,于是錯(cuò)選A或B.其實(shí),man, woman, mankind的單數(shù)表示類別時(shí),用零冠詞。因此,正確答案選 C.
除了上述情況用零冠詞外,下列幾種情況也須用零冠詞:表示家人(包括保姆、廚師、家庭教師在內(nèi))的名詞前,但該類名詞的首字母往往大寫;表示種 類的短語kind of, sort of, type of等后面的名詞之前;在as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝讓步狀語從句中,放在句首的名詞前;用by表示交通方式的短語中等。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)8 受思維定式的制約
【典例】—Remember that where and when two different English question words.
—I see, but can you tell us how to use them, sir?
A. be B. is C. are D. being
錯(cuò)因分析:有些考生沒有弄清題意,就想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為用where and when提問時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,于是錯(cuò)選B.其實(shí),這里是指where和when這兩個(gè)特殊疑問詞,故正確答案選 C.
考生應(yīng)該從思維定式中走出來,不要被一些假象所迷惑,而應(yīng)該從實(shí)際語境出發(fā),對(duì)題目進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的考慮。
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