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當(dāng)前位置:北京學(xué)而思1對(duì)1 > 小學(xué)教育 > 小學(xué)英語(yǔ) > 正文
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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全

2016-05-23 10:45:07  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理


  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全


  小學(xué)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)注重的是基礎(chǔ),對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的從句和其他進(jìn)階要求不高,因此小孩子應(yīng)該先了解這些:


  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能:


  1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。


  2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。


  3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。


  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。


  注意:(我用am,你用are,三單is,復(fù)數(shù)are。)


  行為動(dòng)詞:


  主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)


  如:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。


  注意:(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。)


  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化:


  1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。


  肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be+其它


  He is a worker. 他是工人。


  否定句:主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。


  He is not a worker.他不是工人。


  一般疑問(wèn)句:Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。


  (be動(dòng)詞移到句首)


  如:I am a student.


  -Are you a student?


  -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.


  特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。


  如:My bike is under the tree.


  Is your bike under the tree?


  Where is your bike?


  2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。


  肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。


  否定句:主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。


  如:I like bread. I don't like bread.


  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。


  如:He ofter plays football.


  He doesn't often play football.


  一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。(句首加助動(dòng)詞do, does)


  如:I often play football.


  - Do you often play football?


  - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.


  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。


  如:She goes to school by bike.


  - Does she go to school by bike?


  - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.


  特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。


  如:She goes to school by bike.


  Does she go to school by bike?


  How does she go to school?


  動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則


  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks


  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes


  3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies


  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)


  1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(句中一般含有now, look, listen.)


  2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.


  如:Tom is reading books in his study .


  3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。


  如:Tom is reading books in his study .


  Tom is not reading books in his study .


  4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。


  如:Tom is reading books in his study .


  Is Tom reading books in his study ?


  5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句?


  (注意:當(dāng)劃線部分包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用疑問(wèn)詞代替劃線部分放到句首,原劃線處應(yīng)加上doing)


  如:Tom is reading books in his study .


  Tom is reading books in his study .


  Is Tom reading books in his study ?


  Is Tom reading books in his study ?


  What is Tom doing in his study?


  Where is Tom reading books?


  動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則


  1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking


  2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting


  3.如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

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