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高中期末診斷-高三英語(yǔ)期末之名詞用法！元旦過(guò)后，馬上就要到期末診斷了。小編知道，大家從小學(xué)開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)較多的就是名詞了。大家知道哪些名詞可數(shù)，哪些不可數(shù)，哪些抽象，哪些具體·····小編給大家整理了一些，下面是高中期末診斷-高三英語(yǔ)期末之名詞用法希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有幫助！
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高中期末診斷-高三英語(yǔ)期末之名詞用法(一)
1. 可數(shù)名詞
可數(shù)名詞包括單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和集體名詞。這類(lèi)名詞的使用原則是：
1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞從不單獨(dú)使用，如其前不加冠詞或 one’s，就必須改名詞單數(shù)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表泛指意義時(shí)，其前不得添加任何冠詞。
3. many，several，(a) few 之后，或 one of the/one’s 之后絕不能接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。
2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化形式
1. Negro — Negroes hero — heroes tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes
zoo — zoos bamboo — bamboos radio — radios piano — pianos
photo — photos
2. knife — knives leaf — leaves loaf — loaves wolf — wolves
wife — wives half — halves thief — thieves
chief — chiefs roof — roofs belief — beliefs gulf — gulfs
handkerchief — handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)
3. goose — geese tooth — teeth
4. man — men woman — women gentleman — gentlemen
Frenchman — Frenchmen policeman — policemen
German — Germans Roman — Romans
5. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 sheep，deer，Swiss，Portuguese，Chinese，Japanese，head(牲畜的頭數(shù))，means
6. child — children mouse — mice
7. 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成方式：中心名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如：passer-by→passers-by， father-in-law→fathers-in-law;無(wú)中心名詞在詞尾變復(fù)數(shù)。如：grown-up→grown-ups
3. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式使用的名詞
總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式使用的復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：
clothes，trousers，glasses(眼鏡)，thanks，congratulations，preparations，goods，looks(外表)，manners(禮貌)，Customs(海關(guān)、關(guān)稅)，in high spirits，give regards to，give (one``s) best wishes to
4. 表復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞
這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
例如：cattle，police，people
4. 1集體名詞
這類(lèi)名詞作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體及其成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例如：class，family，team，group，party，army，enemy，crew，government，company，crowd，committee
5. 不可數(shù)名詞
5.1 專有名詞
單個(gè)單詞形式的專有名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，不與冠詞連用;由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。
例如： China has a longer history than the United States.
5.2 學(xué)科名詞和物質(zhì)名詞
學(xué)科名詞與物質(zhì)名詞表泛指時(shí)，不用冠詞。
例如： My brother likes physics while I like chemistry.
高中期末診斷-高三英語(yǔ)期末之名詞用法(二)
5.3 抽象名詞
表泛指意義的抽象名詞或用在介詞之后的抽象名詞，不可數(shù)，不與冠詞連用。
抽象名詞表具體意義或被某一(些)形容詞修飾，與不定冠詞連用。
Failure is the mother of success.
Dictionary is a great help to many people.
be of (some/much/little/no/great) + 少數(shù)幾個(gè)抽象名詞，如 value，help，use，importance 意同“be + 該抽象名詞的形容詞形式”。
It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is of much importance.
(比較：It is said that tomorrow``s meeting is very important.)
掌握某些名詞永不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，永不與不定冠詞 a/an 連用。
fun，luck，news，information，progress，equipment，furniture，practice，advice，clothing，homework，housework，medicine，grass，rice，wealth，health，gold，earth(土)，ham，luggage，baggage，money
6. 名詞的格
6.1 名詞所有格的表達(dá)
在有生命的名詞后加’s
表示在店鋪或在某人家里的名詞后加’s
在表示國(guó)家、地域、天體、時(shí)間、距離、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體等無(wú)生命名詞后也可加’s
This is Mary and Lucy``s classroom.
China``s industry is developing fast.
Is Tom``s mother in the tailor``s or the butcher``s or at Mr. Smith``s?
無(wú)生命的名詞后接 of +名詞
有生命的名詞在其中心詞有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用 of +名詞
The cover of Mr. Smith``s book is dirty.
Have you heard of the story of William Tell and his son?
所有物名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞時(shí)，用雙重所有格 of one’s +名詞
中心名詞前有指示代詞表贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩時(shí)，用雙重所有格 of one’s +名詞
A friend of my father``s likes this picture of David``s, too.
Who enjoy that pride of Linda``s?
7. 名詞作定語(yǔ)
名詞作定語(yǔ)，多是脫口而出的與日常生活密切相關(guān)的情形。具體如下：
名詞作定語(yǔ)，表類(lèi)別：
woman scientist，man doctor，girl student，boy friend，tea cup，coffee cup，room number，telephone number，history lesson，evening dress，evening school，college student，street light，country life，Nobel Prize，body temperature，animal/plant life， motorcar，school education，car door/window，meeting-room，river bank，tooth-brush， English teacher，winter sleep，government office，church clock，bus driver，air pollution，lunch room
名詞作定語(yǔ)表材料、作用、來(lái)源、內(nèi)容：
cloth bag，stone bridge，gas station，bulletin board，shoe shop，book store/shop，
snow mountain，answer sheet，sports field，bamboo pipe，meeting room，diamond necklace， straw hat，peasant boy/family，Chinese medicine
特別留心：
a woman scientisttwo women scientists
a man doctorthree men doctors
a girl studentnine girl students
a boy friend ten boy friends
a goods train the sports shoes
a sales girl the clothes shop/line
a middle-aged woman
a one-eyed man
a six-month-old baby
a ten-storied building
a forty-metre-deep well
a three-legged table
an 80-metre-wide street
a twenty-year-old lady
an 800-word composition
a five-year plan
a thirty-hour trip
a fifty-dollar note/check
高中期末診斷-高三英語(yǔ)期末之名詞用法(三)
8. 名詞的雙重性
特別注意高考熱點(diǎn)——部分名詞的雙重性
1. 抽象名詞單獨(dú)使用或表泛指意義或用在某一固定介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，是不可數(shù)名詞;詞義的變化，抽象名詞具體化，是可數(shù)名詞。
例如：
life，time，knowledge，sight，pleasure，repair，paper，glass，hair，food，fruit，character，experience，trouble，difficulty，work，help，population，iron 等。
請(qǐng)注意以下各組例句：
Life is hard.
We’re living a happy life under the leadership of the Party.
Time is money.
We had a wonderful time in the party.
Knowledge is power.
A knowledge of English is a must in the 21st century.
He has poor sight because he often reads in the sun.
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
Would you please lend me your bike?
With pleasure.
What a pleasure it is to meet you here again.
It is said that the road is under repair.
It is said that the workers are doing repairs to the road.
Paper is made from wood.
Our monitor is helping our teacher to hand out the papers.
Have you finished your papers on pollution?
Is there anything of interest in today’s papers?
Mirrors are made of glass.
Glasses are made of glass.
Asians have black hair and Europeans have fair hair.
Look! There are a few white hairs on your head.
A man will die without food for seven days.
That was really a delicious food at the party.
Lu Xun succeeded in creating many characters in his works.
Charlie, how many characters have you learnt so far?
Sports are very useful for training character.
Sun Wukong had plenty of experiences on the way to the west to seek the Bible, so he had rich experience in telling the kind from the bad.
I had great trouble/difficulty in finding your home last year.
Life is full of joys and troubles.
Here is a difficulty for you to get over.
Irons are usually made of iron.
Every means has been tried but none has/have worked.
All means have been tried but none have/has worked.
work: “工作、活兒”不可數(shù)名詞
“作品、著作、工廠、工程、工事”可數(shù)名詞
My father still goes to work at 8:00 in the morning while my mother is out of work.
It’s eight o’clock. Let’s get down to work.
This painting of Xu Beihong’s is a valuable work of art.
Lu Xun’s works are popular with many young readers.
The water works supply/supplies fine water to us.
Our army managed to break through the enemy’s defence works.
population: 既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)
作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用單數(shù)，有時(shí)又用復(fù)數(shù)
“多”與“少”的表達(dá)
如何針對(duì)“人口”提問(wèn)
1. 與具體數(shù)字連用或被 large，big，small 修飾，是可數(shù)名詞;指某一國(guó)家、地區(qū)總?cè)丝跁r(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。
India has a population of about one billion.
India is a country with a population of about one billion.
In fifty years, India is likely to have a larger population than China.
2. 指總?cè)丝跁r(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指部分人口時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The population of the United States is about 250 million and about 11﹪ of it are black people.
3. 指“人口多”時(shí)，用 large 或 big;指“人口少”時(shí)，用 small。
England is a developed country, but its population is very small.
4. What’s the population of… ?
What population does… have? 均是針對(duì)“人口”提問(wèn)的表達(dá)法。
How large/big is the population of…
— What is the population of Russia?
— About 250 million.
2. 專有名詞：專有名詞一般為不可數(shù)，但偶爾也可作可數(shù)名詞。
例如：
China has a longer history than the United States.
There are four Jacks in our class.
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