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2019北京高一期中診斷英語準備知識點!每次診斷之后,大家有總結的習慣嗎?診斷之后做總結是非常好的學習習慣,大家一定要堅持住,你現(xiàn)在養(yǎng)成的習慣都是在為高考較準備哦!下面是小編給大家整理的2019北京高一期中診斷英語準備知識點!同學們,加油!
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2019北京高一期中診斷英語準備知識點(一)
定語從句
一、考點聚焦
1、功能:相當于形容詞,修飾名詞或代詞,在句中作定語
2、位置:定語從句置于被修飾詞之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞
(1)先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞,如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞,人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。
(2)先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點:
、傧刃性~在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分,其意思就是先行詞的意義,所以在從句中不能重復其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、關系詞:引導定語從句的都稱關系詞
關系代詞:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
關系副詞:when, where, why。that偶爾也作關系副詞。
5、確定關系詞的步驟
(1)先找關系詞,看先行詞指的是什么。
(2)看關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧?/p>
6、在定語從句中,當先行詞指物時,下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which
(1)先行詞被①形容詞更高級 ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。
(2)先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。
(3)先行詞中既有人又有物時。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)當主句中含有疑問詞which時。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情況
(1)在非限制性定語從句中
(2)在關系詞前有介詞時
(3)當先行詞本身是that時
(4)當關系詞離先行詞較遠時
8、關系詞who與that指人時,也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞
(1)當主句是there be句型時,關系詞用who。
(2)先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時,關系詞用who。
(3)當主句是who作疑問詞時,關系詞用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在從句中只作賓語,可被who取代。
9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物,在從句中作定語。如:
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、關系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。
(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾,或句型as many(much)中,從句都用as 引導。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意:區(qū)別①such … that … 引導的結果狀語從句。They are such
lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。
區(qū)別:①意義上:as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上:as 從句可置句首,也可在另處。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、關系副詞when與where、why、that
when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which
where指地點 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時,可用that作關系副詞。(非正式場合)
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
當time作先行詞時,關系詞可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必須注意的問題
(1)關系詞作主語時,從句中謂語的數(shù)。
(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句。
、俣ㄕZ從句中關系詞作從句成分,復合句。
、趶娬{(diào)it無意義,that / who不是引導詞。
、蹚娬{(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句,講不通則不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強調(diào)句)
(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
①定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞,that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。
②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞,that不能充當任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)
(4)關系詞在從句中省略的情況。
、訇P系詞作賓語,前無介詞時。
、陉P系詞作表語。
(5)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。
(6)關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞,關系詞只能是which和whom。
(7)幾個特殊的定語從句句型:
、貶e is the only one of the students who has got very good marks
in the match.(句中one為先行詞)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
、跦e stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
、躀t may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
2019北京高一期中診斷英語準備知識點(二)
重點詞組:
1. fond of “喜愛,愛好” 接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式。例如:
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for尋找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to, so as to 這兩個詞組都可引導不定式作目的狀語, in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to. 如:
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。
4. care about
1) 喜歡,對……有興趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜歡錢。
2)關心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.
她只考慮自己。她不關心別人。
3)在乎,在意(接從句或不接任何成分)
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。
5. such as 意為“諸如……”,“像……”,是用來列舉人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學。
6. drop * a line 留下便條, 寫封短信
7、make yourself at home 別客氣;隨便;無拘束
(1) If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.
如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝點飲料,隨便一點。
8、stay up 不睡;熬夜
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我將回家很晚,不要等我了。
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看書直到凌晨兩點。
9、come about 引起;發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生
(1)How did the accident come about?
這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
他們不知道這個變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。
10、except for 除……之外
(1) except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。except 多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項。如:
、貶e answered all the questions except the last one.
除去較后一個,他回答了所有問題。
②We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天,我們天天去那里。
(2)except for 用于引述細節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如:
、貳xcept for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除去一個老太太,這輛公共汽車全空了。
、赮our picture is good except for the colours.
你的畫兒很好,只是某些色彩有問題。
(3)但在現(xiàn)代英語中,except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述先進個例子可以是:
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
(4) 另外,在介詞短語之前只能用except,不能用except for。如:
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季,我們通常十點之前上床睡覺。
2019北京高一期中診斷英語準備知識點(三)
重點句型
1.“So + be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主詞”的結構。此結構中的語序是倒裝的,“So”代替上句中的某個成分。如果上面一句是否定句,則使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”的結構。
例如 He’s tired,and so am I.(=I’ m also tired.)
You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.)
She has had supper,and so can I.(=I’ve had lunch,too.)
Tom speaks English,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.)
A: I went to the park yesterday.
B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)
2.“So +主語+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”結構中的主謂是正常語序,so相當于indeed,certainly,表示說話人對前面或?qū)Ψ剿f情況的肯定、贊同或證實,語氣較強,意思是“確實如此”。
例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B:So it was.的確如此。(=Yes,it was.)
A:You seem to like sports.B:So I do.(=Yes,I do.)
A:It will be fine tomorrow.B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
3.“主語+do/does/did + so”結構指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重復。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.) 語文老師叫我按時交作文, 我照辦了。
4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情況)也是如此。”當前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語時,要表示相同情況,必須使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
5、There you are. 行了,好。
這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了較終結果的用語。如:
There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外,還可以表示“瞧,對吧(果然如此)”的語氣。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last.對吧!我就知道我們較終能找到的。
6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難;接名詞時,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth.
、貲o you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英語口語有困難嗎?
、赟he said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她說她在發(fā)音方面有困難。
7、have a good knowledge of sth.
“掌握……”,“對……有某種程度的了解”
、貶e has a good knowledge of London.他對倫敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.
一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 過去分詞”表示對已發(fā)生事情的猜測。在英語中,must,may,can三個情態(tài)動詞可用來表示對事情的猜測。Must意為“肯定”,語氣很有把握;may意為“可能”、“也許”,語氣把握性不大。兩者常用在肯定句中。Can意為“肯定”、“也許”,常用在否定句或疑問句中。Must,may,can三者用于表示猜測時,其后面可跟三種不同的動詞形式:1)跟動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在事情的猜測;
2)跟be doing表示對正在發(fā)生事情的猜測;3)跟have done表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的猜測。例如:
Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海倫是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我們可以聽到會議
室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can’t have gone to Australia.我剛才還在大門口見
過杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生,很有趣。
fun “好玩,趣事”,不可數(shù)名詞,前面不加不定冠詞a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會玩得很開心。
make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因為他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的,滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿著他父親
的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法說明:1)害怕人/ 物,如:be afraid of sb / sth
2)不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.
3) 擔心會發(fā)生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver.
4) 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.
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