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為了培養(yǎng)同學(xué)們的發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,分析問(wèn)題,和解決問(wèn)題的能力,命題人也常常出一些通過(guò)排除從而推知未知的東西的試題,而這我們要用排除法。
所謂排除法就是根據(jù)題目的要求,結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),排除題干中的冗余信息或者四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),從而降低理解難度,縮小選擇范圍,助力明確答案,提高命中率。具體來(lái)說(shuō)有以下幾點(diǎn):
一、排除題干中的冗余信息
這些冗余信息包括插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等:
1. John plays football ___, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
解析:若能排除題干中的插入語(yǔ)。If not better than 此題難度則大大降低,該題考查副詞的比較等級(jí)的用法,as well as 這里意為“和......一樣好”。答案是B。
2. Is this the girl ___you think is kind and honest?
A. which B. who C. whom D. of whom
解析:若能排除題干中的插入語(yǔ)you think,便會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)。而且指人,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who,因此答案為B。
3. Hardly had all the points that the teacher taught ____down when the bell rang.
A. to taken B. taking C. taken D. been taken
解析:此題句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,難度頗大,里邊包含hardly…when句型,表示“一......就......”。若能識(shí)別出定語(yǔ)從句that the teacher taught ,則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其余部分是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。“知識(shí)點(diǎn)被摘抄下來(lái)”,答案為D。該句意為:我剛抄寫(xiě)完老師教的知識(shí)點(diǎn)就下課了。
4. Mr. Green together with his wife and children ___to Egypt by air for the ten –day holiday.
A. go B. have gone C. is going D. are going
解析:題干中together with his wife and children 是伴隨狀語(yǔ)而不是并列主語(yǔ)。這樣主語(yǔ)只有Mr. Green,據(jù)此判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,只有C項(xiàng)符合乎要求。因此答案是C。
5. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ____very well.
A. worked out B. tired out C. went on D. carried on
解析:本題中的tired out 是“精疲力竭”;went on 是“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”;carried on是“進(jìn)行下去”。通過(guò)上文“并沒(méi)計(jì)劃著象那樣”,說(shuō)明這一活動(dòng)已結(jié)束,而從上面已知的B/C/D都無(wú)法表達(dá)這一語(yǔ)義,我們熟知work out 有“算出、解決”的意思,進(jìn)一步延伸就是“結(jié)果”,所以選A。
6. It’s generally believed that teaching is ___it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
解析:本題考查的是as…as 結(jié)構(gòu)中的語(yǔ)序,所以A.B都不合適。因?yàn)橄冗M(jìn)個(gè)as 是副詞,所以它不能直接修飾名詞結(jié)構(gòu),它要求把這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞提到冠詞之前,故本題選D。 即使選出之后,我們對(duì)這一陌生結(jié)構(gòu)仍然糊里糊涂="Times New Roman">
評(píng)注:為了培養(yǎng)孩子們的探索精神,以及在閱讀中面對(duì)未知單詞有良好的心理素質(zhì),命題人有意設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)我們十分陌生的表達(dá)方式。我們可以依據(jù)我們所知道的、熟知的條件把它放在新的語(yǔ)境中,如果都不合適,那麼不熟悉的就可能是我們要選擇的。
二、排除選項(xiàng)中的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)
1.Little Jim should love ____to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
解析:首先根據(jù)句意,“小吉姆是被帶到劇院”,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),故排除B、D,其次should love to do相當(dāng)于would like to do,表示“想做某事”,后接不定式短語(yǔ),可排除C,故答案是A.
2. My dictionary ___. I have looked for it every where but still ____it.
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found
解析:首先根據(jù)句意“我的字典丟了”,我到處找但是還沒(méi)有找到,物品丟失可以說(shuō)be lost , be missing ; be gone , 據(jù)此排除A/C,其次,這是一個(gè)并列句,前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;沒(méi)有找到字典,因此排除B,答案是D。
3. ____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
解析:首先however 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序,排除A/C;其次,在該狀語(yǔ)從句中,however后邊要緊接一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,排除B,故答案是D。
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