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高中期末診斷-高三英語期末之賓語從句!時光飛逝,大家已經(jīng)成為了高三的一員。從進(jìn)入高中的那一刻開始,大家都是在為高考努力,為高考積累知識。還有半年就要高考了,大家積累的量差不多了,好好珍惜每次診斷,它是你成績的較好方法!下面是高中期末診斷-高三英語期末之賓語從句希望對同學(xué)們有幫助!
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高中期末診斷-高三英語期末之賓語從句(一)
1. 定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。如:
He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。
注: that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時,that不能省略。)
大家都會看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。)
對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that從句位于句首時,that不可省略。)
我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。
4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。)
鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。
(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如:
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。
(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。
如:
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
(1) 介詞賓語從句
賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他對那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要說什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。
有時介詞可以省略。如:
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做這件事的方式。
高中期末診斷-高三英語期末之賓語從句(二)
1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不會屈服。
2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo),則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一個好孩子,只是有點(diǎn)粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我會幫助你的。
介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo),而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如:
Are you sorry for what you've done?
你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎?
3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能確定我該做什么。
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會我說的意思。
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
媽媽為她的女兒通過了診斷而感到高興。
4.連詞whether (…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。試比較:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為“請告訴我你是否想去”;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲”。
5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问。如?/p>
I don’t think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你錯了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?
6. 賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律:
(1) 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)。
(2) 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)時,從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老師說地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。
高中期末診斷-高三英語期末之賓語從句(三)
一、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時,賓語從句可根據(jù)情況使用各種時態(tài)。例如:I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般過去時,賓語從句應(yīng)使用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例如:He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或科學(xué)真理等,從句不受主句時態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之引導(dǎo)詞的使用
1. 當(dāng)賓語從句由陳述句變化而來時,用that來引導(dǎo)從句,that常無具體意義,一般可省略。例如:Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句變化而來時,要用if或whether來引導(dǎo)從句。例如:David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句變化而來時,原句中的疑問詞充當(dāng)連接代詞(如who, whose, what, which)或連接副詞(如when, where, why, how),引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
三、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之語序的陳述化
賓語從句一般要用陳述句語序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
四、高中賓語從句要點(diǎn)之否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think, believe, suppose等動詞,且主語為先進(jìn)人稱時,從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
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