高中期末考試-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句

2019-01-12 21:06:49 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　高中期末診斷-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句！.聰明出于勤奮，天才在于積累 --華羅庚。大家聽過這句話嗎？英語(yǔ)更是積累，期末診斷來(lái)臨，大家加油復(fù)習(xí)呦~小編給大家整理了一些同位語(yǔ)從句，拿出筆記本記錄吧。下面是高中期末診斷-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有幫助！

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　　高中期末診斷-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句(一)

　　1. 定義：

　　用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。

　　2. 用法：

　　同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪兒聽說我不能來(lái)? Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德國(guó)已對(duì)俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來(lái)了。

　　注：

　　同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否來(lái)。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。 We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。

　　解釋：

　　that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句之區(qū)別 that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句 that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句句法功能上 that只起連接從句的作用，無(wú)意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。 that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語(yǔ) 如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語(yǔ)從句，that不可省。) 李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)，可省。) 他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

　　一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。如： This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 這就是我們先進(jìn)的請(qǐng)求：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。

　　診斷：

　　A. 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：

　　1. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.

　　2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.

　　3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

　　4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.

　　5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?

　　6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ---- Is that you had a few days off?

　　7. Word came I was wanted at the office.

　　8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?

　　9. The teacher didn't tell me we were wrong.

　　10. It's generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.

　　B. 單項(xiàng)選擇：

　　1. It was true Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that

　　2. Does matter much he can't come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether

　　3. ----What are you anxious about? ---- . A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed

　　4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because

　　5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person

　　6. I really don't know ____________ I had this photo taken. A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why

　　7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember . A. where B. there C. which D. that

　　8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from it used to be. A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that

　　9. Give this to you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever

　　10. troubles me is I can't learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that

　　答案:

　　A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever

　　B. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD

　　高中期末診斷-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句(二)

　　同位語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以由whether 以及連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)。

　　A.同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的面。

　　They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。

　　Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪兒聽說我不能來(lái)?

　　I have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否來(lái)。

　　We haven't yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。

　　It is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。

　　There is no doubt that we will win. 毫無(wú)疑問我們會(huì)贏的。

　　注意：

　　當(dāng)含有同位語(yǔ)從句的主句謂語(yǔ)部分過短時(shí)，可以把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞優(yōu)先，使同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞隔開，以避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象。

　　Word came that Mr President would come and inspect ourschool himself. 有消息說總統(tǒng)先生將親自來(lái)視察我們學(xué)校。

　　B.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的同位語(yǔ)從句

　　在一些表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略。

　　This is our only request that this (hould) be settled as soon as possible. 盡快解決這個(gè)問題，這是我們先進(jìn)的請(qǐng)求。

　　He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建議我們坐火車去。

　　高中期末診斷-高二英語(yǔ)期末之同位語(yǔ)從句(三)

　　限制性定語(yǔ)從句和它的先行詞的所指意義有著不可分割的聯(lián)系，缺少了它，作為先行詞的名詞(詞組)便不能明確表示其所指對(duì)象，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣及對(duì)原文的忠實(shí)度，翻譯這類定語(yǔ)從句可以采用以下幾種方法：

　　合譯法

　　合譯法指把定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶的的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾詞的前面，從而將復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)單句。合譯法一般適用于結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單或具有描寫性的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments thatphysicists had devised: the velocity(速度)of light did not vary.

　　分析：定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是簡(jiǎn)單的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組。

　　參考譯文：然而在任何物理學(xué)家所進(jìn)行過的精細(xì)巧妙的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速?zèng)]有變化。

　　分譯法

　　如果限制性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。譯成前置的定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，從句一般與主句分譯，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句，也可以依據(jù)上下文譯成前置的并列分句。

　　As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, anelectronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate lightintensities seen in the scene being pictured.

　　分析：在這句的定語(yǔ)從句中，有現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，及過去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組會(huì)生澀拗口。因此將從句與主句分開翻譯，單獨(dú)成句。

　　參考譯文：因?yàn)閳D像的較明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者陰影部分發(fā)射的電子更多，所以產(chǎn)生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強(qiáng)度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強(qiáng)度成倍增強(qiáng)。

　　融合法

　　當(dāng)定語(yǔ)部分所給信息與被修飾詞關(guān)系緊密、必不可少時(shí)，可將原來(lái)的語(yǔ)序打亂，用自己的話將原句中的主句與定語(yǔ)從句重新組織，譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。

　　There are those who insist that the era of a computer terminal on every desk is just aroundthe corner, while others insist that traditional teaching methods will never give way tocomputerized instruction.

　　分析：在翻譯there be句型中的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用此方法。

　　參考譯文：有些人堅(jiān)信，每張課桌上放一臺(tái)機(jī)終端設(shè)備的時(shí)代即將來(lái)臨，而另一些堅(jiān)持說傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法決不會(huì)讓位于機(jī)教學(xué)。

　　斷開法

　　當(dāng)前置或后置都要影響上下文連貫時(shí)，可以將其放在主句中間，用破折號(hào)或括號(hào)等將其與主句斷開。例如：

　　The last bits and pieces of interplanetary debris(星際碎片)from which Earth formed were justarriving.

　　參考譯文：較后的一批星際碎片(地球正是由這些碎片構(gòu)成的)正降落在地球上。

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