2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣練習(xí)

2019-03-06 22:37:33 　來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣訓(xùn)練！虛擬語氣用來表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。下面是2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣訓(xùn)練!同學(xué)們，加油��！

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　　2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣訓(xùn)練(一)

　　虛擬語氣的用法及形式：

　　一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語+過去時(Be動詞用were)

　　主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do

　　二、表示與過去事實相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語+had+done

　　主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done三、表示對將來情況的主觀推測：

　　主句：主語+should+do

　　從句：①if+主語+were to do

　�、趇f+主語+should/would/could/might+do

　�、踚f+主語+did(動詞過去式)/were四、有時，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。①從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。②從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。五、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。六、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…，but for…等。

　　七、有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。

　　2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣訓(xùn)練(二)

　　用法及動詞形式

　　一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況：

　　從句：If 主語+過去時(Be動詞用were)

　　主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do

　　eg：

　　1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella.

　　如果我是你，我會帶把傘。(事實：我不可能是你)

　　2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.

　　如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。(事實：不知道)

　　3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.

　　如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水)

　　4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.

　　如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。(事實：沒有帶錢)

　　5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.

　　如果他再努力些，就能通過診斷了。(事實：沒有努力)

　　(注意：一般在虛擬的條件句中無論是第幾人稱，用到系動詞的過去式時，只用were而不用was)

　　二、表示與過去事實相反的情況

　　從句：If 主語+had+done

　　主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done

　　eg：

　　1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。

　　(事實：去晚了)

　　2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。

　　(事實：沒有聽我的話)

　　3.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.

　　她看我的樣子好像我是一個陌生人。(事實：我并非陌生人)

　　三、表示對將來情況的主觀推測

　　主句：主語+should+do

　　從句：①if+主語+were to do

　　②if+主語+should/would/could/might+do

　�、踚f+主語+did(動詞過去式)/were

　　eg：

　　1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

　　如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實：來的可能性很小)

　　2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.

　　如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實：下雪可能性很小)

　　3.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.

　　如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。(事實：來的可能性很小)

　　四、有時，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。

　�、購木涞膭幼髋c過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。

　　eg：

　　If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.

　　如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會成為一個工程師了

　　If they had informed us,we would not come here now.

　　如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。

　�、趶木涞膭幼髋c現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。

　　如：

　　If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

　　如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了。

　　If he knew her,he would have greeted her.

　　要是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。

　　五、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。eg：

　　Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.

　　要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。

　　Were she here,she would agree with us.

　　如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。

　　Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.

　　如果他懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。

　　六、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…，but for…等

　　eg：

　　But for his help,we would be working now.

　　要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。

　　Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.

　　要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。

　　We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.

　　我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。

　　七、有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。

　�、偈÷詮木�

　　He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。

　　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通過這次診斷的。

　　2019年北京高三一模英語虛擬語氣訓(xùn)練(三)

　　虛擬語氣的形式和用法

　　1、對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be的過去式用were.而主句中的謂語動詞用would (should,could, might) + 動詞原形。見下表：

　　條件狀語從句的動詞形式

　　主句的動詞形式

　　If+主語+ 動詞過去式 (be的過去式were.在口語等非正式場合中，I，he，she，it等后面也可用was.但在If I were you中，一定要用were，不能用was.

　　I (we)should+動詞原形

　　主語 + would (might, could)十動詞原形

　　例句：

　　·If I were you, I should study English.(fact: I am not you, so I shall not study English.)

　　·If he had time, he would attend themeeting. (fact: He does not have time, so he will not attend the meeting.)

　　·If they didn’t take physical exercisesevery day, they wouldn’t be so healthy. (fact: They take physical exercisesevery day, so they are very healthy.)

　　·If you went to bed earlier, you wouldnot be so sleepy in the morning. (fact: You often go to bed late, so you arealways sleepy in the morning.)

　　·If this were the case, it would be veryawkward. (fact: This is not the case, soit is not awkward.)

　　2、對過去的虛擬，表示與過去的事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時, 主句的謂語動詞用would (should,could, might)+過去分詞。見下表：

　　條件狀語從司的動詞形式

　　主句的動詞形式

　　If+主語+had+過去分詞

　　I (we)should+have+過去分詞

　　主語+could (might,could)+have +過去分詞

　　例句：

　　·If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’thave failed in the examination. (fact:You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)

　　·I would have checked my paper again if Ihad had more time at yesterday’s examination. (fact: I did not have more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t checkmy paper again.)

　　·He would have already recovered from hisillness if he had seen the doctor in time. (fact: He didn’t see the doctor intime, so he has not recovered from his illness.)

　　·If we had known that she was to arriveyesterday, we could have met her at the station. (fact: We didn’t know that shewas to arrive yesterday, so we could not meet her at the station.)

　　·You didn’t let me drive. If we haddriven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired. (fact: We didn’t drive in turn,so you have got so tired.)

　　3、表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)，對將來表示懷疑，或?qū)淼膭幼鞑惶赡軐崿F(xiàn)時，條件狀語從句和主句的謂語動詞有以下形式：(見表)

　　條件狀語從句的動詞形式(三種)

　　主句的動詞形式

　　(1) If + 主語 + 動詞過去式 (be的過去式用were). 通常要與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用. (2)If+主語(任何人稱和數(shù))+should+動詞原形

　　(3)if+主語(任何人稱和數(shù))+were to+動詞原形

　　I (we)should+動詞原形

　　主語+would (might, could)+動詞原形

　　例句：

　　·If it rained tomorrow, our picnic wouldbe put off.

　　·If it should rain tomorrow, our picnicwould be put off.

　　·If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnicwould be put off.

　　·If you should fail, what would you do?

　　·If I were to see her tomorrow, I wouldtell her the truth.

　　·If it were to rain tomorrow, the meetingwould be put off.

　　·I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. Ifit should lose, I would treat you a meal.

　　注意：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。

　　If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在。)

　　If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would bequite all right now.

　　If I were you, I would have gone home.

　　Ifshe hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

　　虛擬語氣的其他句型和用法

　　1、用在“wish+賓語從句”中，表示很難實現(xiàn)或不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，可以翻譯為“但愿…”, “悔不該…”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式;表示將來的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用“would(could)+動詞原形”;對過去的事情表示愿望，從句的謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞” 或“could + have + 過去分詞”。Wish 后面的賓語從句必須用虛擬語氣，不管這個愿望是否能實現(xiàn)。如：

　　I wish it were spring all the year round.

　　I wish you could go with us.

　　We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

　　注意：wish 與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。Wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。請比較：

　　We hope we will succeed. (We don’t know if we will succeed.)

　　We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardlysucceed.)

　　2、用在as if/as though, 或even if/eventhough引導(dǎo)的從句中: 這時，如果從句中表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，則謂語動詞用had+過去分詞形式;如果指的時現(xiàn)在的狀況，則用過去式 (be用were);指將來則用would(should,could)+動詞原形。這里只看從句動作發(fā)生的時間，與主句的時態(tài)沒有關(guān)系。

　　Forexample:

　　Some metals look at first sight as though they weregold.

　　He looked as if he were an artist.

　　He speaks English so fluently as if he had studiedEnglish in the U.S.

　　He always sounds as if he would help you.

　　When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, itlooks as if it were broken.

　　Even if he were here, he could not solve theproblem.

　　3、在It is (high)time (that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語動詞常用過去式 (be的過去式用were), 或用should+ 動詞原形 (should 不能省略) 來表示。這句話的意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該…”。For example:

　　It is time we left/should leave.

　　It is high time that you got married.

　　It is time that I bought a car.

　　Now it is time that you made some sentences by usingthis pattern. Think about what you should do now.

　　4、在 I would rather(that)…句型中，后面的從句的謂語動詞用過去式 (be的過去式用were)。這句話的意思是“我寧可…”，表示說話人的意愿。

　　Forexample:

　　I’d rather I were in the rain now.

　　I’d rather you did not tell him.

　　5、在表示建議、要求、命令等意思的動詞，如arrange,command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,beg, move(提議)后面的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should+ 動詞原形，should可以省略，而引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that 不能省略。例如：

　　We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

　　We insisted that they (should) go with us.

　　The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed fora few days.

　　He demanded that we (should) start right away.

　　The commander ordered that the bridge (should) bebombed.

　　The villagers requested that the old building not bepulled down.

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