2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

2019-02-25 18:35:23 　來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理

　　2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)！英語(yǔ)也是日積月累的學(xué)科，你的從句部分學(xué)習(xí)的怎么樣的呢？高三的生活很充實(shí)，過(guò)的也很快，就剩下不到一百天了，好好準(zhǔn)備一下吧，讓自己早日適應(yīng)高考的環(huán)境，下面是2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)!同學(xué)們，加油�。�

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　　2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)

　　[1.定語(yǔ)從句在什么情況下用 whose 引導(dǎo)]

　　whose 用于代替"表示人或物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，

　　往往與它所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

　　Whose 常表達(dá)"某人的、某物的"之意。

　　例如：

　　Do you know the name of that girl whosebrother is your roommate ?

　　你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎?

　　Water whose boiling point is at 100 degreeCentigrade has no color, no flavor.

　　沸點(diǎn)在攝氏 100 度的水無(wú)色、無(wú)味。

　　[2.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 that 和 which 的區(qū)別]

　　定語(yǔ)從句中的 8 種情況，只能用 that 引導(dǎo)

　　1.在從句中為了避免與疑問(wèn)詞 who 重復(fù)時(shí)

　　2.從句修飾詞被 the one 修飾時(shí)

　　3.從句修飾詞被含有人和物的名詞時(shí)

　　4.從舉所修飾詞被 everything, anything, something 等不定代詞修飾時(shí)

　　5.從句所修飾詞被 all , more, any 等不定代詞修飾時(shí)

　　6.從句所修飾的詞又被 the only , the very(強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣)the last, the same 修飾時(shí)

　　7.從句修飾的詞又被敘述詞修飾時(shí)

　　8.修飾的詞被形容詞更高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

　　[3. Turn 的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)]

　　turn down 不接受,把...調(diào)小

　　turn into sth. 轉(zhuǎn)變

　　turn off 關(guān)閉, 使...停止

　　turn on 打開(kāi),是...開(kāi)始

　　turn out 終于成為...

　　turn out a light 關(guān)燈

　　turn over 把...翻轉(zhuǎn)

　　turn up 到達(dá)

　　以上的 turn 均為動(dòng)詞詞性

　　in turn 逐個(gè)的

　　take turn at sth.=take it in turns to dosth.逐個(gè)做某事

　　turing 轉(zhuǎn)彎口

　　以上的 turn 為名詞詞性

　　turn on 打開(kāi),是...開(kāi)始

　　turn out 終于成為...

　　turn out a light 關(guān)燈

　　turn over 把...翻轉(zhuǎn)

　　turn up 到達(dá)

　　以上的 turn 均為動(dòng)詞詞性

　　in turn 逐個(gè)的

　　take turn at sth.=take it in turns to dosth.逐個(gè)做某事

　　turing 轉(zhuǎn)彎口

　　以上的 turn 為名詞詞性

　　2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)

　　[4.幾個(gè)道路的區(qū)別]

　　way 范指一切的路

　　path 人或動(dòng)物踩踏而成的小徑

　　street 兩旁有建筑的

　　road 供車輛行駛的

　　highway 公路

　　[5.幾個(gè)旅游的區(qū)別]

　　journey 指有明確方向的,長(zhǎng)途的,陸路的旅行,通常比較辛苦.

　　travel 范指旅行

　　voyage 多指海路或空間的長(zhǎng)途旅行

　　trip 短距離的.又回到出發(fā)地的.

　　tour 巡游

　　[6.bed 的用法]

　　n.[C]

　　be in bed 是臥床睡覺(jué)

　　The children are in bed.孩子們都在床上呢

　　in the bed 是自作自受的意思

　　可以與 lie on thebed 轉(zhuǎn)換

　　vt. 　　1. 為...提供床鋪(或宿處)[(+down)]

　　2. 把...安置在(某種基礎(chǔ)上),將...嵌入[O] 　　The bullet bedded itself in the wall. 這顆子彈嵌進(jìn)了墻內(nèi)。

　　3. 把...栽于苗床(或花壇)[(+out)] 　　They bedded the plants in good soil. 　　他們將這些秧苗栽在沃土中。

　　vi. 　　1. 睡,臥[(+down)] 　　I'll bed down on the sofa. 　　我就睡在沙發(fā)上。

　　[7.備注:句中避免重復(fù)的代詞用法]

　　在英語(yǔ)中,如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩次同一個(gè)詞.通常要換用代詞來(lái)代替前面提到的事物. 　　the ones 和 those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞　　that 代替單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

　　[8.備注:主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)要加 to 的用法] 　　在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,使讓動(dòng)詞(make , have , let)和感官動(dòng)詞(see , Look , watch , notice ,listen, hear , feel , find)后必省略 to ,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中必須加上 to

　　例:在教室里我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他唱了這首歌　　we heard him sing this song in theclassroom. 　　he was heard to sing this song by us in theclassroom.

　　[9.強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的用法] 　　由 It's ....that/who....構(gòu)成，中間的關(guān)系詞必須是 that/who，沒(méi)有其他詞的可能性。

　　It's ....that/who....的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型只是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分，而不充當(dāng)成分。所以它和 It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)從句后置的情況有所不同。

　　請(qǐng)看以下 2 個(gè)例子就很容易分辨出 2 者不同。eg:

　　1. It'snecessary that we should learn english.(主語(yǔ)從句)

　　2. It'snot until he got off the bus that he realized she was the daughter ofheadmaster.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

　　因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充當(dāng)任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。

　　例子 2 去掉 It's....that/who....后就成了

　　until he got off the bus he realized shewas the daughter of headmaster

　　而例子 1 去掉后句子則不完整。

　　[10.if 和 whether 的區(qū)別]

　　(1)if 和whether 都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常�？梢曰Q，表示“是否”。如：

　　I don’t know whether(=if)I should tell him.

　　我不知道是否應(yīng)該告訴他。

　　(2)但兩者也有微妙的差別，請(qǐng)注意 whether 可與 or not 連用，而 if 不可以在句首時(shí)用 whether，而不用 if，在介詞后用 whether，而不用 if，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用 whether，而不是if，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用 whether，而不用 if，表示“如果”時(shí)用 if，而不用 whether。如：

　　I don’t know whether he will come or not.

　　我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。

　　Whether you take part in or not the resultwill be the same. 　　你參不參加結(jié)果都是一樣的。

　　It depends on whether he can solve theproblem. 　　那取決于他能否解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　He can’t decide whether to visit her ornot. 　　他決定不出是否去看她。

　　Whether he will come is still a question. 　　他是否會(huì)來(lái)還是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)。

　　(3)例題分析。

　　1、Only one of the books is ____ . ( NMET 86)

　　A. worth to read B. worth being read 　　C. worth of reading D. worth reading 　　此題答案為 D。Sth.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be worth 后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)名詞，或 sth. be worthy of being done。

　　2、Rather than_____ on a crowded bus, he alwaysprefers ____ a bicycle.

　　A. ride; ride B. riding; riding 　　C. ride; to ride D.riding; to ride

　　此題答案為 C。句子為“寧愿干……而不愿干……”的常用句型。

　　此類句型還有 wouldrather do ……than do…… 和 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

　　3、The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it’svery comfortable to _____.

　　A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on

　　此題答案為 B。句型為“主語(yǔ) + be + adj. + to do”，常用不定式主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。如：

　　It was hard to choose. 　　很難決定啊。

　　若動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，要跟相應(yīng)的介詞，如：

　　The ice is hard enough to skate on. 　　這冰夠硬，可以在上面滑冰。

　　2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)

　　句型31

　　(從句)If + were/did(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式)，(主句)主語(yǔ) + would/might/should/could + do(表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè))

　　[例句]

　　If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會(huì)如此自負(fù)。

　　I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

　　If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會(huì)好好考慮它。

　　句型32

　　(從句)If + had done, (主句)主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示對(duì)過(guò)去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設(shè))

　　[例句]

　　What a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.

　　真遺憾昨天你沒(méi)有去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。如果你去了，就能見(jiàn)到那位著名歌手。

　　Anyone in his position would have done the same.

　　=If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會(huì)這樣做的。

　　句型33

　　(從句)If + were/did(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could + do(表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè))

　　[例句]

　　If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn't matter at all. 萬(wàn)一他拒絕了，那也沒(méi)關(guān)系。

　　If you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?

　　萬(wàn)一高考不中，你該怎么辦?

　　句型34

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的倒裝

　　在虛擬條件句中，如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構(gòu)成虛擬倒裝句。

　　[例句]

　　Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。

　　Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時(shí)到達(dá)，小孩就會(huì)得救。

　　Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

　　Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.

　　句型35

　　if only引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于 "How I wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句"，意思是"但愿……;要是……就好了"

　　[例句]

　　If only he could come! 他要是能來(lái)就好了!

　　If only we students didn't have so much homework!要是沒(méi)有這么多的功課該多好!

　　If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam! 我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有那么粗心就好了!

　　句型36

　　if it were not for… (= were it not for…)

　　if it hadn't been for… (= had it not been for…)"要不是因?yàn)橛?hellip;…;如果不是……"

　　[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用否定結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫形式，即不能用weren't it for…)

　　[例句]

　　If it hadn't been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved. 要不是船長(zhǎng)一直堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，船上的旅客就不會(huì)得救。

　　If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會(huì)如此安逸。

　　If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因?yàn)榻?jīng)費(fèi)問(wèn)題，我現(xiàn)在就出國(guó)了。

　　句型37

　　"but for + 名詞"和"but that +從句"，意思是"倘若不是;要不是"，接虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　[例句]

　　But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)

　　如果沒(méi)有空氣和水，什么東西都難以生存。

　　But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

　　= If it hadn't been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們?cè)缇偷搅恕?/p>

　　But for you, we couldn't have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無(wú)法實(shí)施那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

　　She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見(jiàn)，她是不會(huì)相信的。

　　句型38

　　在動(dòng)詞insist(1堅(jiān)持做某事)，order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣�；揪湫停褐髡Z(yǔ)+ (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[例句]

　　Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o'clock.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

　　We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.

　　It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語(yǔ)從句)

　　The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

　　That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語(yǔ)從句)

　　[注意1]

　　advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。

　　[注意2]

　　It's suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。

　　[注意3]suggest意思是"表明，暗示;說(shuō)明"時(shí);insist意思是"堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持看法"時(shí)，句子不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

　　[例句]

　　He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。

　　He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)事情。

　　Are you suggesting that I'm not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說(shuō)我不適合做那項(xiàng)工作?

　　The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說(shuō)明老師對(duì)結(jié)果感到滿意。

　　句型39

　　It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

　　[例句]

　　It's necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加診斷。

　　With the society developing very fast, it's quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，我們有必要精通英語(yǔ)和電腦。

　　句型40

　　It's strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示"竟然"

　　[例句]

　　It's a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯(cuò)過(guò)了機(jī)會(huì)。

　　It's really surprising that a prophecy(預(yù)言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預(yù)言和事實(shí)竟然如此巧合。

　　It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒(méi)有通過(guò)診斷。

　　　　　　　2019年北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三一模復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)文作文寫作技巧

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