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2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點

2019-02-25 18:35:23  來源:網(wǎng)絡整理

  2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點!英語也是日積月累的學科,你的從句部分學習的怎么樣的呢?高三的生活很充實,過的也很快,就剩下不到一百天了,好好準備一下吧,讓自己早日適應高考的環(huán)境,下面是2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點!同學們,加油啊!

 

 

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  2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點(一)


  [1.定語從句在什么情況下用 whose 引導]


  whose 用于代替"表示人或物意義"的先行詞,在從句中作定語,


  往往與它所修飾的名詞一起構成一個名詞短語在從句中擔當成分。


  Whose 常表達"某人的、某物的"之意。


  例如:


  Do you know the name of that girl whosebrother is your roommate ?


  你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎?


  Water whose boiling point is at 100 degreeCentigrade has no color, no flavor.


  沸點在攝氏 100 度的水無色、無味。


  [2.定語從句引導詞 that 和 which 的區(qū)別]


  定語從句中的 8 種情況,只能用 that 引導


  1.在從句中為了避免與疑問詞 who 重復時


  2.從句修飾詞被 the one 修飾時


  3.從句修飾詞被含有人和物的名詞時


  4.從舉所修飾詞被 everything, anything, something 等不定代詞修飾時


  5.從句所修飾詞被 all , more, any 等不定代詞修飾時


  6.從句所修飾的詞又被 the only , the very(強調語氣)the last, the same 修飾時


  7.從句修飾的詞又被敘述詞修飾時


  8.修飾的詞被形容詞更高級修飾時


  [3. Turn 的幾個短語]


  turn down 不接受,把...調小


  turn into sth. 轉變


  turn off 關閉, 使...停止


  turn on 打開,是...開始


  turn out 終于成為...


  turn out a light 關燈


  turn over 把...翻轉


  turn up 到達


  以上的 turn 均為動詞詞性


  in turn 逐個的


  take turn at sth.=take it in turns to dosth.逐個做某事


  turing 轉彎口


  以上的 turn 為名詞詞性


  turn on 打開,是...開始


  turn out 終于成為...


  turn out a light 關燈


  turn over 把...翻轉


  turn up 到達


  以上的 turn 均為動詞詞性


  in turn 逐個的


  take turn at sth.=take it in turns to dosth.逐個做某事


  turing 轉彎口


  以上的 turn 為名詞詞性


  2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點(二)


  [4.幾個道路的區(qū)別]


  way 范指一切的路


  path 人或動物踩踏而成的小徑


  street 兩旁有建筑的


  road 供車輛行駛的


  highway 公路


  [5.幾個旅游的區(qū)別]


  journey 指有明確方向的,長途的,陸路的旅行,通常比較辛苦.


  travel 范指旅行


  voyage 多指海路或空間的長途旅行


  trip 短距離的.又回到出發(fā)地的.


  tour 巡游


  [6.bed 的用法]


  n.[C]


  be in bed 是臥床睡覺


  The children are in bed.孩子們都在床上呢


  in the bed 是自作自受的意思


  可以與 lie on thebed 轉換


  vt.   1. 為...提供床鋪(或宿處)[(+down)]


  2. 把...安置在(某種基礎上),將...嵌入[O]   The bullet bedded itself in the wall. 這顆子彈嵌進了墻內。


  3. 把...栽于苗床(或花壇)[(+out)]   They bedded the plants in good soil.   他們將這些秧苗栽在沃土中。


  vi.   1. 睡,臥[(+down)]   I'll bed down on the sofa.   我就睡在沙發(fā)上。


  [7.備注:句中避免重復的代詞用法]


  在英語中,如果一個句子中出現(xiàn)兩次同一個詞.通常要換用代詞來代替前面提到的事物.   the ones 和 those 代替復數(shù)名詞   that 代替單數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞


  [8.備注:主動變被動要加 to 的用法]   在主動語態(tài)中,使讓動詞(make , have , let)和感官動詞(see , Look , watch , notice ,listen, hear , feel , find)后必省略 to ,但在被動語態(tài)中必須加上 to


  例:在教室里我們聽見他唱了這首歌   we heard him sing this song in theclassroom.   he was heard to sing this song by us in theclassroom.


  [9.強調句式的用法]   由 It's ....that/who....構成, 中間的關系詞必須是 that/who,沒有其他詞的可能性。


  It's ....that/who....的強調句型只是為了強調某一成分,而不充當成分。所以它和 It作形式主語,真正的主語從句后置的情況有所不同。


  請看以下 2 個例子就很容易分辨出 2 者不同。eg:


  1. It'snecessary that we should learn english.(主語從句)


  2. It'snot until he got off the bus that he realized she was the daughter ofheadmaster.(強調句型)


  因為強調句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充當任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。


  例子 2 去掉 It's....that/who....后就成了


  until he got off the bus he realized shewas the daughter of headmaster


  而例子 1 去掉后句子則不完整。


  [10.if 和 whether 的區(qū)別]


  (1)if 和whether 都可以引導賓語從句,常常可以互換,表示“是否”。如:


  I don’t know whether(=if)I should tell him.


  我不知道是否應該告訴他。


  (2)但兩者也有微妙的差別,請注意 whether 可與 or not 連用,而 if 不可以在句首時用 whether,而不用 if,在介詞后用 whether,而不用 if,引導主語從句時用 whether,而不是if,引導同位語從句時用 whether, 而不用 if, 表示“如果”時用 if,而不用 whether。如:


  I don’t know whether he will come or not.


  我不知道他是否會來。


  Whether you take part in or not the resultwill be the same.   你參不參加結果都是一樣的。


  It depends on whether he can solve theproblem.   那取決于他能否解決這個問題。


  He can’t decide whether to visit her ornot.   他決定不出是否去看她。


  Whether he will come is still a question.   他是否會來還是一個疑問。


  (3)例題分析。


  1、Only one of the books is ____ . ( NMET 86)


  A. worth to read B. worth being read   C. worth of reading D. worth reading   此題答案為 D。Sth.作主語時,be worth 后應跟動名詞,或 sth. be worthy of being done。


  2、Rather than_____ on a crowded bus, he alwaysprefers ____ a bicycle.


  A. ride; ride B. riding; riding   C. ride; to ride D.riding; to ride


  此題答案為 C。句子為“寧愿干……而不愿干……”的常用句型。


  此類句型還有 wouldrather do ……than do…… 和 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.


  3、The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it’svery comfortable to _____.


  A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on


  此題答案為 B。句型為“主語 + be + adj. + to do”,常用不定式主動式代替被動式。如:


  It was hard to choose.   很難決定啊。


  若動詞是不及物動詞,要跟相應的介詞,如:


  The ice is hard enough to skate on.   這冰夠硬,可以在上面滑冰。


  2019年北京東城區(qū)高三一模復習英語知識點(三)


  句型31


  (從句)If + were/did(動詞的過去式),(主句)主語 + would/might/should/could + do(表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設)


  [例句]


  If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你,我不會如此自負。


  I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.


  If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置,我會好好考慮它。


  句型32


  (從句)If + had done, (主句)主語+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示對過去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設)


  [例句]


  What a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.


  真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會。如果你去了,就能見到那位著名歌手。


  Anyone in his position would have done the same.


  =If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會這樣做的。


  句型33


  (從句)If + were/did(動詞過去式)/were to do/should do,(主句)主語+ would/might/should/could + do(表示對將來的假設)


  [例句]


  If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn't matter at all. 萬一他拒絕了,那也沒關系。


  If you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?


  萬一高考不中,你該怎么辦?


  句型34


  虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝


  在虛擬條件句中,如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should,可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面,構成虛擬倒裝句。


  [例句]


  Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做,就要受罰。


  Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時到達,小孩就會得救。


  Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.


  Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.


  句型35


  if only引起的感嘆句,相當于 "How I wish + 賓語從句",意思是"但愿……;要是……就好了"


  [例句]


  If only he could come! 他要是能來就好了!


  If only we students didn't have so much homework!要是沒有這么多的功課該多好!


  If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam! 我當時沒有那么粗心就好了!


  句型36


  if it were not for… (= were it not for…)


  if it hadn't been for… (= had it not been for…)"要不是因為有……;如果不是……"


  [注意]這種結構中不能用否定結構的縮寫形式,即不能用weren't it for…)


  [例句]


  If it hadn't been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅強,船上的旅客就不會得救。


  If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢,你的生活不會如此安逸。


  If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因為經(jīng)費問題,我現(xiàn)在就出國了。


  句型37


  "but for + 名詞"和"but that +從句",意思是"倘若不是;要不是",接虛擬語氣


  [例句]


  But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.)


  如果沒有空氣和水,什么東西都難以生存。


  But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.


  = If it hadn't been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風雨,我們早就到了。


  But for you, we couldn't have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話,我們無法實施那項計劃。


  She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見,她是不會相信的。


  句型38


  在動詞insist(1堅持做某事),order, command(2命令), advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事),demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣�;揪湫停褐髡Z+ (should) + 動詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動詞原形結構。


  [例句]


  Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o'clock.(賓語從句)


  We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.


  It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語從句)


  The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語從句)


  That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語從句)


  [注意1]


  advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導的同位語從句或表語從句,謂語動詞用 (should) + 動詞原形。


  [注意2]


  It's suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結構后的主語從句中,謂語動詞用(should) + 動詞原形。


  [注意3]suggest意思是"表明,暗示;說明"時;insist意思是"堅持觀點,堅持看法"時,句子不能用虛擬語氣。


  [例句]


  He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅持說自己是無辜的。


  He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅持說沒有做錯事情。


  Are you suggesting that I'm not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那項工作?


  The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結果感到滿意。


  句型39


  It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結構后的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即主語+(should)+動詞原形


  [例句]


  It's necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加診斷。


  With the society developing very fast, it's quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會的快速發(fā)展,我們有必要精通英語和電腦。


  句型40


  It's strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示"竟然"


  [例句]


  It's a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機會。


  It's really surprising that a prophecy(預言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是,預言和事實竟然如此巧合。


  It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過診斷。

 

 

 

 

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